28 social	media
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   5 E.,	&
   5 J.	(2020,
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   5 influencers	who
   4 +	Announcements
   4 -	Center
   4 Announcements	*
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   4 K.	(2020,
   4 Media	International
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   4 2020.	↩
   4 influencer	firm
   4 influencers	have
   3 (2019).	(rep.).
   3 (2019,	December
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   3 +	Publications
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   3 A.	(2020,
   3 C.	(2016).
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   3 York	Times.
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   3 than	10,000
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   3 Influencer	Marketing
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   2 #OOTD	advertorial
   2 $10	per
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   2 (2019,	September
   2 (2020,	May
   2 *	Contact
   2 *	Share
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   2 ;	Cunningham,
   2 ;	Duffy,
   2 Abidin,	C.
   2 August	17).
   2 August	18).
   2 Australia,	161(1),
   2 Australia,	164,
   2 Authenticity,	community
   2 B.	E.,
   2 Being	“really
   2 Biden	and
   2 Black	Lives
   2 C.	(2020,
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   2 Cardi	B
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   2 D.	(2017).
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   2 Duffy,	B.
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   2 Glazer,	E.,
   2 H.	(2019,
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   2 Ibid.	↩
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   2 Journal.	https://www.wsj.com/articles/political-campaigns-turn-to-social-med
   2 Lack	of
   2 M.	(2020,
   2 Media	Engagement.
   2 October	5,
   2 On	the
   2 PACs,	and
   2 Point	USA.
   2 Political	Campaigns
   2 Political	Influencers
   2 Post.	https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/turning-pointteens-
   2 Press	+
   2 Pro-Trump	youth
   2 QAnon	content,
   2 QAnon	expert
   2 QAnon	hashtags
   2 QAnon	is
   2 QAnon	people
   2 R.	(2019).
   2 Reach	Voters.
   2 Research	+
   2 S.	(2020,
   2 S.	C.
   2 Search	for:
   2 September	18).
   2 September	23).
   2 September	27).
   2 Share	on
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   2 Visibility	labour:
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   2 Woolley,	S.
   2 YouTube:	Authenticity,
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   2 ________________________________________	Submit
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   2 and	#OOTD
   2 and	(3)
   2 and	Instagram
   2 and	Twitter.
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   2 and	is
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   2 are	being
   2 are	expected
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   2 at	Austin
   2 at	the
   2 audience	expectations,
   2 audiences	are
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   2 bad	actors
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   2 entertainment.	Media
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   2 friends	and
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   2 have	begun
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   2 https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/turning-pointteens-	disinformation-trump/2020/09/15/c84091ae-f20a-11ea-b796-2dd09962649
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   2 in	2020,
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   2 labour:	Engaging
   2 lead-up	to
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   2 likes,	and
   2 live	in
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   2 looks	like
   2 mainstream	media,
   2 make	it
   2 making	content
   2 masses	of
   2 media	entertainment.
   2 media	influencers,
   2 members	of
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   2 million	followers
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   2 need	an
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   2 of	Instagram
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   2 of	how
   2 of	influencers.
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   2 of	nano-influencers,
   2 of	paid
   2 of	payment
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   2 on	Instagram
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   2 on	a
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   2 one	of
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   2 our	research
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   2 paid	political
   2 particularly	small-scale
   2 particularly	those
   2 payment	occurs
   2 personal	accounts
   2 place	where
   2 platform	executive
   2 platforms	have
   2 platforms	to
   2 political	campaigns
   2 political	campaigns,
   2 political	discourse
   2 political	group
   2 political	groups
   2 political	groups,
   2 political	hype
   2 political	influencer
   2 political	influencers,
   2 political	mobilization
   2 political	speech
   2 political	strategist
   2 post	political
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   2 prominent	Democratic
   2 prompting	rebuke
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   2 research	into
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   2 small-scale	influencers,
   2 small-scale	nano-influencers
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   2 spoke	to
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   2 tend	to
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   2 what	you’re
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   2 23).	Political
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   2 2020,	the
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   1 CNN.	https://www.cnn.
   1 CNN.	https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/15/politics/turning-point-usa-twitterfa
   1 CNN.	https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/27/entertainment/the-rock-dwayne-johnso
   1 CONCLUSION:	Policy
   1 COVID,	we
   1 COVID-19	Survey
   1 COVID-19	and
   1 COVID-19	pandemic,
   1 COVID-19	precautions,
   1 COVID-19	would
   1 COVID-19,	and
   1 COVID-19,	with
   1 COVID-19,^59	echoing
   1 COVID-19,^7	but
   1 COVID19	Tracker.
   1 Cable	and
   1 Campaign	Communication
   1 Campaign	Contributions
   1 Campaign	Legal
   1 Campaign	Those
   1 Campaigns	Sidestep
   1 Can	Democrats
   1 Can	Impact
   1 Candidates	and
   1 Cardi	B^15
   1 Cares?	Everyone.
   1 Caroline	Hunter
   1 Carpenter,	D.,
   1 Case	Studies
   1 Cavazos,	R.
   1 Celebrity	and
   1 Center.	Retrieved
   1 Center’s	Journalism
   1 Chair	Ellen
   1 Check	out
   1 ChicagoDecember	10,
   1 Chinese-owned	video
   1 Christ,	M.
   1 Citation	Goodwin,
   1 Civic	Signals
   1 Claire	Coburn,
   1 Classroom	+
   1 Clement,	J.
   1 Climate	Deniers
   1 Coburn,	Romi
   1 Cohn,	W.
   1 Collectives	of
   1 College	of
   1 Commissioner	we
   1 Commission—which	could
   1 Communication	Disclaimers
   1 Communication	Propaganda
   1 Communication	The
   1 Communication,	11,
   1 Communication,	13(4),
   1 Communication,	13,
   1 Communication,	27(1),
   1 Communications,	6(2).
   1 Conservative	Hype
   1 Conspiracy	Theory?
   1 Conspiracy	theories
   1 Consult.	https://morningconsult.com/2019/12/19/experts-say-influencers-could
   1 Contributions	Surge.
   1 Coordinated	networks
   1 Coordinated	with
   1 Coordinating	an
   1 Coordinating	real
   1 Coordinating	small-scale
   1 Coordination	Engagement
   1 Copyright	2021
   1 Coronavirus	Coverage
   1 CoronavirusDecember	17,
   1 Cost	in
   1 Cotter,	K.
   1 Could	Help
   1 Council	Post:
   1 Coverage	in
   1 Coverage	of
   1 Crackdown	on
   1 Creator	Search
   1 Current	Opinion
   1 Current	Political-Influencer
   1 Current	rules
   1 D.	(2019,
   1 D.	H.
   1 D.	J.
   1 D.	T.,
   1 D.,	Munnukka,
   1 DISCUSSION:	The
   1 Dark	Money
   1 De	Kerviler,
   1 Deaton,	J.
   1 December	17).
   1 December	19).
   1 December	23).
   1 December	31).
   1 Deception:	How
   1 Democratic	Dark
   1 Democratic	campaigns
   1 Democratic	counterparts
   1 Democratic	group
   1 Democratic	influencer
   1 Democratic	politicians
   1 Democratic	side.
   1 Democratic	side.”
   1 Democrats	Win
   1 Deniers	Are
   1 DesireDecember	27,
   1 DiResta,	R.
   1 Differences	in
   1 Digiday.	https://digiday.com/marketing/wildly-under-utilized-what-influencer
   1 Digital	Ad
   1 Digital	Campaign
   1 Digital	Deception:
   1 Director	of
   1 Disclaimers	(2019).
   1 Does	It
   1 Donald	Trump
   1 Donate	*
   1 Donor:	Campaign
   1 Dougherty,	M.
   1 Douglas,	K.
   1 Download	Full
   1 Drown	Out
   1 DuckDuckGo	produces
   1 Due	to
   1 Dwayne	(@TheRock).
   1 Dwayne	‘The
   1 Dwayne	“The
   1 E.	(2017).
   1 E.	(2019).
   1 E.	(2020).
   1 E.,	The
   1 ELLE.	YouTube.
   1 Echoed	across
   1 Effects	of
   1 Election	Commissioner
   1 Election	with
   1 Election.	Campaign
   1 Election:	Paying
   1 Elections	Commission—which
   1 Ellen	L.
   1 Embracing	QAnon.
   1 Engadget.	https://www.engadget.com/social-media-andcoronavirus-turned-qanon-m
   1 Engagement	Center
   1 Engagement	Logo
   1 Engagement	Manipulation:
   1 Engagement	Moody
   1 Engagement	Pods
   1 Engagement	and
   1 Engagement	has
   1 Engagement	is
   1 Engagement	notes
   1 Engagement.	All
   1 Engagement.	https://mediaengagement.org/research/social-media-influencers-and-the-2
   1 Engagement@EngagingNews·	5
   1 Engagement@EngagingNews·	7
   1 Engagement@EngagingNews·	9
   1 Era	Of
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   1 Even	when
   1 Events	*
   1 Everyday	micro-influencers
   1 Everyone.	Why
   1 Evidence	of
   1 Expectations	According
   1 Experts	Say
   1 Exploited	Digital
   1 Extremism	on
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   1 FINDINGS	The
   1 Facebook	*
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   1 Facebook	shut
   1 Facebook,	Twitter,
   1 Facebook,	and
   1 Facebook,	compared
   1 Facebook,	or
   1 Facebook.^62	As
   1 Faculty	Fellow
   1 Fair.	https://www.vanityfair.
   1 Fake	Influencer
   1 Fake	influencer
   1 Faulders,	K.
   1 February	14).
   1 Federal	Election
   1 Federal	Elections
   1 Feedback	Center
   1 Fellow	Newsletter
   1 Ferran,	L.,
   1 Ferrara,	E.
   1 First	Monday.
   1 First,	they
   1 Fischer,	B.,
   1 Floyd	and
   1 Floyd.	Furthermore,
   1 Floyd:	“The
   1 Followers	Social
   1 For	Your
   1 Forbes.	https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesnycouncil/2019/01/31/how-nano-in
   1 Foundation.	Suggested
   1 Foundations,	and
   1 From	U.S.
   1 From	digital
   1 From	our
   1 Full	Report
   1 Fun,	free,
   1 Furthermore,	economic
   1 Furthermore,	even
   1 Furthermore,	the
   1 G.	(2018).
   1 G.,	&
   1 G.,	Brooks,
   1 GOP	guidance,
   1 GOP	has
   1 GOP	oversight,
   1 Geller,	and
   1 Gendered	visibility
   1 George	Floyd
   1 George	Floyd.
   1 George	Floyd:
   1 Ghaffary,	S.
   1 Global	also
   1 Global,	which
   1 Global.	(2020,
   1 Global.	https://wolfglobal.org/best-telegramgroups/
   1 Global’s	groups
   1 Globe.	https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2019/12/23/candidates-and-caus
   1 Good	Intentions
   1 Goodwin	Undergraduate
   1 Goodwin,	A.M.,
   1 Grassroots	organizing
   1 Greed	or
   1 Grossman,	S.,
   1 Group	Exploited
   1 Groups	(for
   1 Groups	on
   1 Guidelines.	JoeBiden.com.
   1 Gulf-Arab	social
   1 Gursky	for
   1 H.	(2016).
   1 H.	(2019).
   1 H.,	Zhang,
   1 Hamby,	P.
   1 Harris	Poll.
   1 Harris.	CNN.
   1 Harris:	Abbreviated
   1 Help	Campaigns
   1 Here,	political
   1 Hollywood.”	On
   1 House	and
   1 Houses	on
   1 How	Much
   1 How	Nano-Influencers
   1 How	Priming
   1 How	QAnon
   1 How	a
   1 How	digital
   1 How	norms
   1 However,	our
   1 However,	the
   1 However,	there
   1 Hu,	H.,
   1 Hu,	K.
   1 Hund,	E.
   1 Hunter	resigns.
   1 Hurley,	Z.
   1 Hype	Houses
   1 HypeAuditor.	(2019).
   1 I	actually
   1 I	also
   1 I	did
   1 I	didn’t
   1 I	don’t
   1 I	go
   1 I	love
   1 I	posted
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   1 I	received
   1 I	saw
   1 I	want
   1 I	was
   1 ICIG	Symposium.
   1 INTRODUCTION	Pundits
   1 ISIS	propaganda
   1 Imagined	affordances
   1 Impact	Your
   1 Impact	of
   1 Impacts	Authenticity
   1 In	2019.
   1 In	21st
   1 In	order
   1 In	recent
   1 In	this
   1 Increased	Engagement
   1 Increasing	Politicization
   1 Instagram	(2016)
   1 Instagram	TV
   1 Instagram	by
   1 Instagram	changed
   1 Instagram	due
   1 Instagram	for
   1 Instagram	influencer
   1 Instagram	meme
   1 Instagram	platform
   1 Instagram	profile
   1 Instagram	was
   1 Instagram	were
   1 Instagram	‘key
   1 Instagram).	Wolf
   1 Instagram,	Facebook,
   1 Instagram,	marshalled
   1 Instagram,	with
   1 Instagram.	Although
   1 Instagram.	CONCLUSION:
   1 Instagram.	New
   1 Instagram.	Several
   1 Instagram:	$10
   1 Instagram’s	authenticity
   1 Instagram’s	influencer
   1 Intentions	in
   1 Interestingly,	they
   1 Internet	Communication
   1 Internet	In
   1 Internet	Observatory.
   1 Internet	Research
   1 Investigative	Journalism?December
   1 Is	Over.
   1 Is	QAnon,
   1 Is	The
   1 Is	coordinating
   1 It	Cost
   1 It	should
   1 Ivory,	J.
   1 I’m	endorsing
   1 I’m	going
   1 I’ve	voted
   1 J.	(2018).
   1 J.	B.,
   1 J.	D.,
   1 J.	G.
   1 J.,	Carpenter,
   1 Jackson,	A.
   1 Jackson,	D.
   1 Jacob	Gursky
   1 James	L.
   1 January	13).
   1 January	31).
   1 Jimena	Pinzon
   1 Joe	Biden,
   1 Joe	Biden’s
   1 JoeBiden.com.	(2020).
   1 JoeBiden.com.	https://joebiden.com/wp-content/
   1 John	S.
   1 Johnson	endorses
   1 Johnson,	Dwayne
   1 Johnson^16).	While
   1 Joseff	Senior
   1 Joseff,	K.,
   1 Journal,	49(4),
   1 Journalism	+
   1 Journalism	Project.
   1 Journalism?December	21,
   1 July	22).
   1 June	2).
   1 June	20).
   1 June	25).
   1 June	26).
   1 June).	Everyday
   1 K.	(2018,
   1 K.	(2019).
   1 K.	M.
   1 K.,	&
   1 Kamala	Harris.
   1 Kapitan,	S.,
   1 Katie	Joseff
   1 Kelly,	M.
   1 Kerviler,	G.,
   1 Knight	Faculty
   1 Knight	Foundation.
   1 Ko,	M.
   1 Kremlin’s	Internet
   1 L.	Knight
   1 L.	Weintraub,
   1 L.,	Turner,
   1 Landscape	Both
   1 Lastly,	canvassers
   1 Lastly,	small-scale
   1 Latest	Tweets
   1 Law	of
   1 LeBlanc,	P.,
   1 Legal	Center.
   1 Letters,	27(3),
   1 Linkedin	-
   1 Lippman,	D.,
   1 Lives	Matter
   1 Lives	Matter…
   1 Login	Search
   1 Logistics:	Coordinating
   1 Logo	(BUTTON)
   1 Long-form	web-based
   1 Loopholes	in
   1 Los	Angeles
   1 Luoma-aho,	V.,
   1 M.	(2012).
   1 M.	(2013).
   1 M.	(2018).
   1 M.	(2019).
   1 M.	(2020).
   1 M.	J.
   1 M.,	&
   1 Maheshwari,	S.
   1 Main	Street
   1 Maity,	D.,
   1 Major	Democratic
   1 Malloy,	D.
   1 Manipulation:	Inflation
   1 Many	influencers
   1 March	14
   1 Marketing	2019.
   1 Marketing	Letters,
   1 Marketing	Pricing:
   1 Marketing	in
   1 Marketing,	17(4),
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   1 Marketing,^25	as
   1 Martin	Riedl
   1 Massoglia,	A.
   1 Matter	hashtags^37—political
   1 Matter…	their
   1 May	24,
   1 May	25th
   1 May	3,
   1 May	4).
   1 May	9).
   1 McLean,	G.,
   1 McNeal,	S.
   1 Mccabe,	D.,
   1 Media	&
   1 Media	Crackdown
   1 Media	Ethics
   1 Media	Influencers
   1 Media	Influencers.
   1 Media	Platforms
   1 Media	Program
   1 Media+Society,	5(1),
   1 Media+Society,	5(4),
   1 Media.	Turning
   1 Medium	-
   1 Memes^18	are
   1 Merica,	D.
   1 Mission	*
   1 Mitchell,	M.
   1 Mobilizing	Political
   1 Modernization,	paranoia
   1 Monday.	↩
   1 Money	Group
   1 Monllos,	K.
   1 Montellaro,	Z.
   1 Moody	College
   1 Moreover,	small-scale
   1 Morin,	D.
   1 Morning	Consult.
   1 Most	Americans
   1 Motivation:	Audience
   1 Motivation:	Increased
   1 Motivation:	Personal
   1 Moulard,	J.
   1 Much	Does
   1 Munnukka,	J.,
   1 Mythologies	of
   1 NPR.	https://www.npr.
   1 Nation.	https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/
   1 Navigating	Instagram’s
   1 Network	News
   1 Network,	Open
   1 Nevertheless,	there
   1 New	Media
   1 Newhouse,	A.
   1 News	Coverage
   1 News	We
   1 News.	https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/russia-targeted-african-american-vo
   1 News.	https://www.
   1 News.	https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/08/parties-dark-money-to-2020
   1 Newsletter	Stay
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   1 Newsroom	Tools
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   1 Nightly	Network
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   1 Not	offline,
   1 Not	only
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   1 November	11).
   1 Now,	influencers
   1 OZY.	https://www.ozy.com/
   1 Observatory.	Retrieved
   1 October	1).
   1 October	1,
   1 October	7,
   1 October).	Social
   1 Of	Influencers
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   1 Okay,	why
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   1 Online!,	and
   1 Op-EdsDecember	29,
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   1 Our	Nation.
   1 Our	Newsletter
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   1 Over.	BuzzFeed
   1 O’Meara,	V.
   1 O’Sullivan,	D.
   1 P.	(2019,
   1 P.,	&
   1 PACs	and
   1 PACs,	political
   1 Page	Center
   1 Partisan	Differences
   1 Partisan	organizations
   1 Party	operatives
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   1 Paying	‘regular
   1 Peloton	&
   1 People’	for
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   1 Personal	Political
   1 Personality:	an
   1 Persuasion.	OZY.
   1 Pew	Research
   1 Pinzon	for
   1 Pirttimäki,	T.,
   1 Pittsburg	Post-Gazette.
   1 Platforms	+
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   1 Point	USA
   1 Police	Brutality,
   1 Policy	Solutions
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   1 Political	action
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   1 Political-Influencer	Landscape
   1 Politicization	and
   1 Politico.	https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/26/fec-caroline-hunter-resign
   1 Poll	COVID-19
   1 Poll	COVID19
   1 Poll.	(2020).
   1 Post-Gazette.	https://www.post-gazette.com/
   1 Post.	https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/
   1 Post:	How
   1 Posts	*
   1 Posts	Drown
   1 Posts	focused
   1 Posts	often
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   1 Priming	Impacts
   1 Pro-Trump	Conspiracy
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   1 Project.	https://www.journalism.org/2020/09/16/most-americans-who-have-heard
   1 Promotional	Communications,
   1 Propaganda	*
   1 Propaganda	+
   1 Propaganda,	Knight
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   1 QAnon	automated
   1 QAnon	conspiracies,
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   1 RESEARCH	Since
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   1 Recent	Posts
   1 Recognizing	the
   1 Reddit,	or
   1 Reinikainen,	H.
   1 Report	Researchers
   1 Republican	Hype
   1 Republican	campaigns
   1 Republican	candidates.^33
   1 Republican	groups
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   1 Research	Social
   1 Research.	;
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   1 Researchers.	ABC
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   1 Rights	Reserved.
   1 Rock’	Johnson
   1 Rock”	Johnson^16).
   1 Rolling	Stone.
   1 Romi	Geller,
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   1 Russia	targeted
   1 Russia-Linked	Influence
   1 Russian	influence
   1 S.	(2012).
   1 S.	(2018,
   1 S.	(2019,
   1 S.	and
   1 S.,	Bush,
   1 Sabin,	S.
   1 Samuel	C.
   1 Sarah	Smith’s^1
   1 Sarah	alludes
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   1 Scott,	M.
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   1 September	30).
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   1 Statista.	https://www.statista.com/statistics/1095186/tiktok-ususers-age/
   1 Stay	up
   1 Stone.	https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/blackout-tuesday-
   1 Stores.	The
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   1 Survey	Wave
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   1 Swanson,	A.,
   1 Symposium.	;
   1 T.,	&
   1 T.,	Ivory,
   1 T.,	Maity,
   1 TV	(IGTV)
   1 TX	78712-1879
   1 Taking	this
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   1 Talks	Police
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   1 Techniques	used
   1 Technologies.	https://www.cheq.ai/influencers
   1 Technology	once
   1 Teen	Vogue.
   1 Telegram	Groups
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   1 That’s	so
   1 The	Biden
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   1 The	Current
   1 The	Era
   1 The	GOP
   1 The	Law
   1 The	News
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   1 The	University
   1 The	Verge.
   1 The	Woman
   1 The	Year
   1 The	challenge
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   1 The	currency
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   1 The	environment
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   1 The	value
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   1 They	pair
   1 They’ll	bring
   1 This	amounts
   1 This	hasn’t
   1 This	report
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   1 TikTok	TikTok,
   1 TikTok	and
   1 TikTok	reveals
   1 TikTok	users
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   1 Times.	https://www.
   1 Times.	https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-06-20/joe-biden-influenc
   1 Times.	https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/11/business/media/nanoinfluencers-i
   1 Times.	https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/business/trump-tik-tok-wechat-ba
   1 Toggle	navigation
   1 Tools	+
   1 Top-down	political
   1 Tracker.	https://theharrispoll.com/the-harris-poll-covid19-tracker/
   1 Trump	Administration
   1 Trump	Online!,
   1 Trump	campaigns
   1 Trump	has
   1 Trump	himself
   1 Trump	is
   1 Trump	often
   1 Trump	seems
   1 Trump's	Twitter
   1 Trump?	Vanity
   1 Trump’s	coronavirus
   1 Trump’s	digital
   1 Trump’s	successful
   1 Tubbs,	M.
   1 Tuesday	Posts
   1 Tuesday”	meme
   1 Turner,	T.,
   1 Tweets	EngagingNews
   1 Twitter	-
   1 Twitter	Download
   1 Twitter	account,
   1 Twitter	focused
   1 Twitter	in
   1 Twitter	on
   1 Twitter	removed
   1 Twitter,	and
   1 Twitter.	https://twitter.com/AlexBNewhouse/status/1308485518041034752
   1 Twitter.	https://twitter.com/TheRock/
   1 Twitter:	$2
   1 U.S.	App
   1 U.S.	Election:
   1 U.S.	TikTok
   1 U.S.	election:
   1 U.S.	have
   1 USA	followers”
   1 USA	has
   1 USA.	(2020).
   1 USA.	https://www.tpusa.com/influencermedia.
   1 Ultimately,	the
   1 Undergraduate	Research
   1 Unfortunately,	influencer
   1 United	States,^53
   1 Unlike	celebrity
   1 Up	for
   1 User-generated	content
   1 Using	language
   1 V.	(2019).
   1 V.,	Pirttimäki,
   1 Vanity	Fair.
   1 Verge.	https://www.theverge.
   1 Videos	*
   1 Village	Marketing,
   1 Village	Marketing,^25
   1 Viral	Pro-Trump
   1 Vital	Information
   1 Vogue.	https://www.teenvogue.com/story/
   1 Vox.	https://www.vox.
   1 W.	H.
   1 W/	@platformer
   1 Wang,	C.
   1 Wave	10,
   1 We	DesireDecember
   1 We	almost
   1 We	appreciate
   1 We	can
   1 We	spoke
   1 We	‘prospect’,
   1 WeChat	From
   1 Weapons	of
   1 WebFX,	2020
   1 WebFX.	(2020).
   1 Weintraub,	&
   1 Weintraub,	E.,
   1 What	Is
   1 What	influencer
   1 What	is
   1 WhatsApp	and
   1 When	politicians
   1 When	social
   1 Which	is
   1 While	celebrity
   1 While	this
   1 White	House
   1 Whitis	Avenue
   1 Who	Cares?
   1 Why	2020
   1 Will	Be
   1 Wilson,	A.
   1 Win	Back
   1 Wissinger,	E.
   1 Within	this
   1 Without	apparent
   1 Without	standardization
   1 Wolf	Global
   1 Wolf	Global,
   1 Wolf	Global’s
   1 Woman	Donor:
   1 Woolley	Program
   1 Year	Of
   1 Year	of
   1 You	Ready
   1 YouTube	offered
   1 YouTube	vloggers,
   1 YouTube.	The
   1 YouTube.	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o71LtfUtSAo.
   1 YouTube:	$20
   1 Your	Business
   1 Your	Classroom
   1 Z.	(2019).
   1 Z.	(2020,
   1 Zarroli,	J.
   1 Zhang,	D.,
   1 Zhang,	J.,
   1 Z”	and
   1 [Web-graphic-3-600x355.png]	ABSTRACT
   1 [a]	given
   1 [brandbar-logo-2.svg]	*
   1 [brandbar-logo.svg]	[brandbar-logo-2.svg]
   1 [their]	own
   1 a	0.00%
   1 a	Democratic
   1 a	Facebook,
   1 a	Major
   1 a	Reddit,
   1 a	YouTube
   1 a	better
   1 a	boost
   1 a	candidate,
   1 a	candidate’s
   1 a	cause,
   1 a	certain
   1 a	combination
   1 a	company
   1 a	concerning
   1 a	controversial
   1 a	council
   1 a	difference
   1 a	discussion
   1 a	distinct
   1 a	distortion
   1 a	distortion,
   1 a	duty
   1 a	fact,”
   1 a	follow-up
   1 a	following
   1 a	fringe
   1 a	general
   1 a	global
   1 a	groundswell
   1 a	growing
   1 a	half
   1 a	handful
   1 a	healthy
   1 a	hotbed
   1 a	job.”
   1 a	key
   1 a	large
   1 a	less
   1 a	liberal
   1 a	local
   1 a	main
   1 a	marked
   1 a	markedly
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   1 a	million
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   1 a	new
   1 a	niche
   1 a	part
   1 a	partisan
   1 a	party-line
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   1 a	powerful
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   1 a	price
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   1 a	proprietary
   1 a	proud
   1 a	quorum,
   1 a	really
   1 a	relational
   1 a	relationship
   1 a	responsibility
   1 a	scraping
   1 a	shared
   1 a	similar
   1 a	single,
   1 a	small
   1 a	stand
   1 a	step
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   1 a	tactic
   1 a	threat
   1 a	typical
   1 a	variety
   1 a	very
   1 a	wakeup
   1 a	week:
   1 a	zero-tolerance
   1 a	“nature-first”
   1 a	“watered-down”
   1 a33549416/cardi-b-joe-biden-interview/.	;
   1 ability	to
   1 about	COVID-19
   1 about	first.
   1 about	her
   1 about	motherhood,
   1 about	political
   1 about	politics,
   1 about	the
   1 about	this
   1 about	this,
   1 about	this.
   1 about	why
   1 abuse	and
   1 academia).^42	Posts
   1 acceptable	discourse.^43
   1 accompanied	by
   1 account	late
   1 account	with
   1 account,	companies
   1 account.	Sarah’s
   1 account.	↩
   1 accountability,	and
   1 accounts	for
   1 accounts	in
   1 accounts	linked
   1 accounts,	as
   1 accounts,	deceptively
   1 accounts,	further
   1 accounts,	handles
   1 accounts,^40	to
   1 across	Facebook,
   1 across	interviews
   1 act	with
   1 act.	While
   1 act.^60	The
   1 action	committees
   1 action.	...
   1 active	members
   1 active,	and
   1 active,	professional
   1 activism	is
   1 activism,	audience
   1 activism,	changes
   1 activism.	arXiv
   1 activism”	or
   1 activism”	that
   1 activity	is
   1 activity	they
   1 actors	after
   1 actors	could
   1 actors	“can
   1 actual	programming
   1 actual	reality.”
   1 actual	users
   1 actually	have
   1 actually	recruiting
   1 ad	campaign
   1 added	warnings
   1 adding	“it’s
   1 additional	insights
   1 additional	research
   1 addresses	that
   1 adept	at
   1 adjacent	talking
   1 admired	politician.
   1 adoption	of
   1 adoption:	A
   1 ads.	OpenSecrets
   1 adult	Americans
   1 advanced	than
   1 advantage.	CNN.
   1 advertisements—once	again
   1 advertising	due
   1 advertising	expert
   1 advertising	requests
   1 advertising	strategies,
   1 advice;	and
   1 advocate	living
   1 advocates.	Journal
   1 affiliate,	Turning
   1 affiliating	with
   1 affiliation	make
   1 affiliation	or
   1 affordances	of
   1 after	Caroline
   1 after	I
   1 after	the
   1 again	after
   1 again	finds
   1 against	a
   1 against	child
   1 against	that?
   1 age	2020.
   1 age	group.’
   1 age,	and
   1 age,	gender,
   1 age,	or
   1 age:	Fun,
   1 aged	10
   1 agnostic	influencer
   1 agnostic,”	leaving
   1 ahead	in
   1 ahead	of
   1 ainstream-192049364.html.	↩
   1 aisle	are
   1 aisle,	Republican
   1 algorithm	in
   1 algorithms	negotiate
   1 alienating	their
   1 all	influencer
   1 all	this
   1 all-things-to-all-people	social
   1 all.	“Most
   1 all.”)	In
   1 alleged	principal
   1 alleges	that
   1 allow	users
   1 alludes	to
   1 almost	a
   1 almost	deleted
   1 almost	see
   1 also	added
   1 also	an
   1 also	appear
   1 also	become
   1 also	collections
   1 also	conducted
   1 also	encourages
   1 also	help
   1 also	immersed
   1 also	live
   1 also	need
   1 also	represent
   1 also	sell
   1 also	sells
   1 also	shares
   1 also	tagged
   1 also	took
   1 also	use
   1 also,	conversely,
   1 alternative	news
   1 although	more
   1 always	looking
   1 ambassadors	that
   1 ambitious	domestic
   1 among	small-scale,
   1 amplification	of
   1 amplify	and
   1 an	Influencer
   1 an	admired
   1 an	advertising
   1 an	all-things-to-all-people
   1 an	audience
   1 an	average
   1 an	engagement-driven
   1 an	expectation
   1 an	external
   1 an	increasing
   1 an	individual
   1 an	influence
   1 an	inorganic
   1 an	instant
   1 an	international
   1 an	observational
   1 an	ongoing
   1 an	orchestrated
   1 analysis	of
   1 and	#wwg1wga,
   1 and	2.8
   1 and	29
   1 and	4
   1 and	Biden
   1 and	Coordination
   1 and	Dwayne
   1 and	Extremism
   1 and	Facebook
   1 and	Followers
   1 and	I
   1 and	James
   1 and	Jimena
   1 and	Joe
   1 and	Kamala
   1 and	May
   1 and	NextGen,^24
   1 and	Nightly
   1 and	Personality:
   1 and	Telegram,
   1 and	Trump
   1 and	WeChat
   1 and	academia).^42
   1 and	algorithms
   1 and	all
   1 and	anti-child-trafficking
   1 and	are
   1 and	artificially
   1 and	auto-liking
   1 and	behaviors.
   1 and	being
   1 and	beyond.
   1 and	bots.
   1 and	by
   1 and	cares
   1 and	causes
   1 and	celebrities
   1 and	celebrities,
   1 and	check
   1 and	claims
   1 and	comments
   1 and	comments,
   1 and	conspiracy
   1 and	contacting
   1 and	creating
   1 and	cursory
   1 and	customer
   1 and	decision-making
   1 and	disclosure
   1 and	encourages
   1 and	engagement,
   1 and	engagement,^47
   1 and	enhance
   1 and	even
   1 and	evolving
   1 and	experiences
   1 and	family.^19
   1 and	find
   1 and	follows,
   1 and	format
   1 and	genuine
   1 and	governments
   1 and	growing
   1 and	hate,
   1 and	have
   1 and	highly
   1 and	idols.
   1 and	in
   1 and	increased
   1 and	influencer
   1 and	informally
   1 and	informational
   1 and	inspiring
   1 and	integrity
   1 and	internalization
   1 and	interweaving
   1 and	invited
   1 and	job
   1 and	large
   1 and	large,
   1 and	likes
   1 and	living
   1 and	local
   1 and	location
   1 and	location,
   1 and	mail-in
   1 and	malleable
   1 and	may
   1 and	memes,
   1 and	merchandise
   1 and	messaging
   1 and	middle
   1 and	millennial
   1 and	motivated
   1 and	news
   1 and	not
   1 and	not...
   1 and	number
   1 and	offers
   1 and	often
   1 and	others
   1 and	parenting
   1 and	partisan
   1 and	payments
   1 and	pedophilia.
   1 and	platform-
   1 and	politics:
   1 and	post
   1 and	power
   1 and	presidential
   1 and	promote
   1 and	promoting
   1 and	protests
   1 and	quality
   1 and	recommendations.
   1 and	removing
   1 and	reporters
   1 and	resentment
   1 and	reshares
   1 and	risking
   1 and	seeking
   1 and	select
   1 and	several
   1 and	sex
   1 and	sex-trafficking—but
   1 and	sharable
   1 and	sharing
   1 and	shifting
   1 and	significantly
   1 and	size,
   1 and	so
   1 and	sockpuppets
   1 and	spam
   1 and	special
   1 and	strategists.
   1 and	subsequent
   1 and	targeting
   1 and	that
   1 and	then
   1 and	therefore
   1 and	there’s
   1 and	these
   1 and	tools.
   1 and	transparency
   1 and	travel
   1 and	we’re
   1 and	who
   1 and	“CoronaVirus”
   1 and	“additional
   1 and	“every
   1 and	“just
   1 and,	Snapchat:
   1 and,	finally,
   1 and,	importantly,
   1 and,	in
   1 and,	most
   1 and,	subsequently,
   1 and,	you
   1 anecdotes	are
   1 another	claims
   1 another.	I
   1 another’s	posts
   1 anti-child-trafficking	movements.^39
   1 anti-vaccination	and
   1 any	enforcement.”
   1 any	feedback
   1 any	given
   1 any	payment,
   1 anyone	found
   1 anything	that
   1 apolitical	norm
   1 apparent	GOP
   1 appeal	and
   1 appeal	of
   1 appeal	to
   1 appear	as
   1 appear	contrived,
   1 appear	in
   1 appear	innocuous
   1 appear	to
   1 application	adoption:
   1 applications	like
   1 apply	their
   1 appreciate	any
   1 approach	may
   1 approached	them
   1 approached	were
   1 approved	messages
   1 arXiv	preprint
   1 arXiv:2004.09531	↩
   1 are	Americans
   1 are	a
   1 are	able
   1 are	actually
   1 are	aged
   1 are	an
   1 are	as
   1 are	authentic
   1 are	bad
   1 are	basically
   1 are	better
   1 are	building
   1 are	calling
   1 are	contacted
   1 are	content
   1 are	described
   1 are	dominated
   1 are	employed.^49
   1 are	employing
   1 are	expected.
   1 are	extremely
   1 are	friends
   1 are	hypothesized
   1 are	inexpensive,^20
   1 are	largely
   1 are	leveraging
   1 are	likely
   1 are	made
   1 are	many
   1 are	members
   1 are	monitored
   1 are	most
   1 are	mostly
   1 are	normal
   1 are	owned
   1 are	paid,
   1 are	paying
   1 are	perceived
   1 are	popular,
   1 are	publicly
   1 are	run
   1 are	running
   1 are	self-forming
   1 are	several
   1 are	sharing
   1 are	smaller
   1 are	sourced
   1 are	three
   1 are	unaware
   1 are	very
   1 are	well
   1 are	willing
   1 are	“technology-neutral
   1 area,	in
   1 area,”	one
   1 argue	that
   1 around	a
   1 articles,	web
   1 artificially	enhance
   1 artificially	inflating
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   1 as	concentric
   1 as	doing
   1 as	e-canvassing.”
   1 as	follows–
   1 as	general
   1 as	her
   1 as	is
   1 as	location,
   1 as	many
   1 as	mentioned
   1 as	messengers.
   1 as	mommy
   1 as	more
   1 as	practices
   1 as	premium
   1 as	regarded
   1 as	seems
   1 as	such.
   1 as	technologists
   1 as	the
   1 as	their
   1 as	those
   1 as	though
   1 as	to
   1 as	volunteers
   1 as	“among
   1 as	“armchair
   1 as	“everyday
   1 as	“virtual
   1 asking	to
   1 assemble	their
   1 assess	coordination,
   1 asset	for
   1 assistance;	to
   1 astroturfing:	A
   1 astroturfing—the	coordination
   1 at	all.
   1 at	any
   1 at	detection,
   1 at	reduced
   1 at	swaying
   1 at	‘signal
   1 at:	https://instagram-press.com/
   1 attention	and
   1 attention	on
   1 attitudes,	perceptions,
   1 attributions	drive
   1 audience	demand.
   1 audience	expectations
   1 audience	has
   1 audience	it’s
   1 audience	members
   1 audience	who,
   1 audience,	it
   1 audience.	Biden,
   1 audience.	In
   1 audiences	also
   1 audiences	and
   1 audiences	as
   1 audiences	expect
   1 audiences	quickly
   1 audiences	to
   1 audiences	with
   1 audiences,	and
   1 audiences,	as
   1 audiences,	is
   1 audiences,	who
   1 audiences.	Taking
   1 authenticity	bind.
   1 authenticity	of
   1 authenticity.^22	In
   1 authenticity.^9	Authenticity
   1 auto-liking	as
   1 automated	methods.
   1 automated	methods.^50
   1 average	following
   1 avoid	detection
   1 avoid	detection.
   1 avoid	generic
   1 away	from
   1 back	YouTube.
   1 back.	Because
   1 backdrop	of
   1 backfire	if
   1 backfiring.	Vox.
   1 bad	for
   1 ballot	fraud,
   1 banned	from
   1 basically	“regular”
   1 battleground’	in
   1 be	an
   1 be	any
   1 be	banned
   1 be	coordinated
   1 be	difficult
   1 be	flattered
   1 be	highly
   1 be	making
   1 be	mimicked,
   1 be	more
   1 be	most
   1 be	on
   1 be	operating
   1 be	probably
   1 be	rallying
   1 be	really
   1 be	segmented
   1 be	they
   1 be	treated
   1 be	using
   1 be	waning.
   1 beat	you
   1 beauty	bloggers,
   1 because	a
   1 because	pods
   1 because	we
   1 become	increasingly
   1 become	influencers
   1 become	more
   1 become	politicized—ignited
   1 become	popular.
   1 becoming	a
   1 been	considered
   1 been	decried
   1 been	described
   1 been	fertile
   1 been	interviewed
   1 been	paid,
   1 been	removed
   1 been	set
   1 been	studying
   1 been	testing
   1 began	following
   1 began	posting
   1 begets	trust,
   1 behavior	as
   1 behavior.	Groups
   1 behaviors.	The
   1 behind	the
   1 behind	this
   1 being	active
   1 being	an
   1 being	coordinated.
   1 being	deployed
   1 being	influencers,
   1 being	kidnapped.
   1 being	me”.
   1 being	paid
   1 being	“volunteer
   1 believe	the
   1 believing	that
   1 benefit	from
   1 benefit	of
   1 bequeathing	prized
   1 better	able
   1 better	grasp
   1 better	positioned
   1 between	March
   1 between	a
   1 between	coordinated
   1 beyond	self-presentation.
   1 beyond.	Russian
   1 billion	in
   1 bind.	International
   1 black	Americans
   1 blog/2016/03/15/seethe-	moments-you-care-about-first/
   1 bloggers,	have
   1 blunt	Trump’s
   1 board	site
   1 boost	in
   1 boost	the
   1 boost,	too.
   1 boosting’	to
   1 boost”	to
   1 bot	interference
   1 bot	usage
   1 both	audience
   1 both	effective
   1 both	formally
   1 both	parties
   1 both	prioritize
   1 both	sides
   1 both	the
   1 both.	By
   1 bots	and
   1 bots	or
   1 bots	that
   1 bots	to
   1 bots	were
   1 bots.	Wolf
   1 brand	ambassadors
   1 brand	deals
   1 brand	partnerships.^4
   1 brand	reputation.
   1 branding	guidelines
   1 brands	$1.5
   1 brands,	often
   1 brands.	Against
   1 brands.	Furthermore,
   1 bred	political
   1 bring	them
   1 broadscale	coordination
   1 broken	en
   1 brought	out
   1 browser	to
   1 build	a
   1 building	a
   1 built	their
   1 built	to
   1 burning	flags,
   1 business	knowledge
   1 business.	In
   1 businesses.”	Especially
   1 but	also
   1 but	as
   1 but	now,
   1 but	rather
   1 but	the
   1 but	they
   1 but	voters
   1 but	when
   1 buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemcneal/the-era-of-influencers-bei	ng-apolitical-online-is-over.
   1 by	Black
   1 by	Instagram,
   1 by	Main
   1 by	Omidyar
   1 by	PACs,
   1 by	Village
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   1 by	affiliating
   1 by	age
   1 by	age,
   1 by	and
   1 by	bots
   1 by	details
   1 by	influencers
   1 by	influencers’
   1 by	mimicking
   1 by	misinformation
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   1 by	one
   1 by	other
   1 by	political
   1 by	pretending
   1 by	remaining
   1 by	resistance
   1 by	retweeting
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   1 by	searching
   1 by	several
   1 by	those
   1 by	traditional
   1 by	types
   1 by	using
   1 c_story.html	↩
   1 c_story.html.	↩
   1 call	for
   1 call	on
   1 calling	a
   1 calling	out
   1 came	from
   1 came	out
   1 campaign	communication.
   1 campaign	is
   1 campaign	managers,
   1 campaign	rushes
   1 campaign	so
   1 campaign	transparency,
   1 campaign	wants
   1 campaign	where
   1 campaign.	CNN.
   1 campaign.^26	This
   1 campaign;	(2)
   1 campaigns	can
   1 campaigns	coordinating
   1 campaigns	discovered
   1 campaigns	failing
   1 campaigns	run
   1 campaigns	that
   1 campaigns	they
   1 campaigns	to
   1 campaigns	who
   1 campaigns,	even
   1 campaigns.^35	The
   1 can	also
   1 can	also,
   1 can	backfire
   1 can	be
   1 can	become
   1 can	benefit
   1 can	create
   1 can	do
   1 can	employ
   1 can	enable
   1 can	find
   1 can	legitimize
   1 can	make
   1 can	post
   1 can	reach
   1 can	work
   1 can,	grow
   1 can.”	↩
   1 candid	words
   1 candidate,	and
   1 candidate.	Unfortunately,
   1 candidates.	Journal
   1 candidates.^33	Due
   1 candidate’s	popularity
   1 canvasser	knocking
   1 canvasser	who
   1 canvassers	because
   1 canvassers	gain
   1 capitalize	on
   1 capitalizing	on
   1 captive	audiences
   1 care	about
   1 cares	about
   1 catalyst	for
   1 catalyzed	changes
   1 cause,	not
   1 cause.^11	Sometimes
   1 caused,	interspersed
   1 causes	are
   1 causes	like
   1 causes.	Many
   1 causing	ripple
   1 cebook/	index.html.
   1 celebrities	(notably,
   1 celebrities,	they
   1 celebrity	accounts,
   1 celebrity	and
   1 celebrity	endorsement
   1 celebrity	endorsements
   1 celebrity	endorsements,
   1 celebrity	endorsers:
   1 celebrity	is
   1 central	goal
   1 centrist,	I’ve
   1 certain	things
   1 certain	topics;
   1 certain	type
   1 challenge	of
   1 challenges	ahead
   1 challenges	and
   1 challenges,	particularly
   1 challenges.	Not
   1 chance	of
   1 change	deniers
   1 change	in
   1 change	the
   1 change	their
   1 changed	for
   1 changed	its
   1 characteristics	like
   1 charged	content
   1 charismatic	young
   1 check	for
   1 chic:	Instagram
   1 child	abuse
   1 child-trafficking	and
   1 child-trafficking	operation.
   1 children	and
   1 children	from
   1 children	have
   1 children	so
   1 choose	influencers
   1 chronological	order
   1 city,	in
   1 ckfiring.	↩
   1 claimed	that
   1 claims	the
   1 claims	to
   1 clean	living
   1 clear	guidelines
   1 climate	change
   1 climate-change-denial-qanon	↩
   1 close	relationships
   1 closer	to
   1 co-option	of
   1 collections	of
   1 collectives	are
   1 com/2020/05/09/politics/joe-biden-digital-campaign/index.html.	↩
   1 com/2020/2/14/21137102/mike-bloomberg-instagram-meme-ad-campaign-ba	ckfiring.
   1 com/21489979/biden-trump-presidential-dabate-election-youtube-ben-s	hapiro-dave-rubin.
   1 com/news/2019/06/can-democrats-win-back-the-internet-in-the-age-of-	trump.
   1 combat	ISIS
   1 combat	the
   1 combination	of
   1 comes	to
   1 coming	out
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   1 commented	on
   1 commenters	asking
   1 comments	I
   1 comments	across
   1 comments	replicated
   1 comments,	these
   1 comments”	by
   1 commercial	purposes,
   1 commercial	realm,^21
   1 commission	itself
   1 committees	(PACs)
   1 common	QAnon
   1 communicate	by
   1 communication.	Center
   1 communities	who
   1 communities"	Check
   1 communities.^29	Without
   1 companies	and
   1 companies	like
   1 companies	that
   1 companies	we
   1 companies	who
   1 companies.	We
   1 company	also
   1 company	that
   1 compared	to
   1 complex	and
   1 complicates	the
   1 computational	propaganda
   1 conceivably	in
   1 concentric	rings…
   1 concern	regarding
   1 concern	there
   1 concerned	with
   1 concerning	trend.
   1 concerns	when
   1 concludes	with
   1 conducted	14
   1 conducted	an
   1 conducted	few
   1 connections	to
   1 connections,	or
   1 conservative	group’s
   1 conservative	influencer
   1 conservative	or
   1 conservative	youth
   1 considered	too
   1 conspiracy	behind
   1 conspiracy	culture.
   1 conspiracy	mindset:
   1 conspiratorial	content.
   1 consultants	to
   1 consuming,	is
   1 contact	information
   1 contacted	individually
   1 contacting	them
   1 containing	offensive
   1 content	about
   1 content	containing
   1 content	creators
   1 content	ethical?
   1 content	for
   1 content	has
   1 content	into
   1 content	like
   1 content	may
   1 content	on
   1 content	spread
   1 content	that
   1 content	to
   1 content	was
   1 content	will
   1 content	without
   1 content,	although
   1 content,	enabling
   1 content,	enlivened
   1 content,	gaining
   1 content,	they
   1 content.	A
   1 content.	INTRODUCTION
   1 content.	Posts
   1 content.	Previously,
   1 content.	QAnon
   1 contentious	election.
   1 contributor!	http://bit.ly/3p0EQSy
   1 contrived,	or
   1 control	and
   1 control	multiple
   1 control	of
   1 control.^17	Although
   1 control.”	Nevertheless,
   1 controversial	content
   1 controversial	video
   1 controversial	“Blackout
   1 controversial.	Our
   1 controversial^52	Chinese-owned
   1 conventional	volunteer
   1 conversations	in
   1 conversations	on
   1 conversely,	invigorate
   1 coordinate	and
   1 coordinate	content
   1 coordinate	political
   1 coordinate	to
   1 coordinated	effort
   1 coordinated	externally
   1 coordinated	political
   1 coordinated.	The
   1 coordinates	political
   1 coordinates	the
   1 coordinating	a
   1 coordinating	influencers
   1 coordinating	messaging
   1 coordinating	networks
   1 coordinating	political
   1 coordination	meeting
   1 coordination	with
   1 coordination,	enabling
   1 coordination,	it
   1 coordination,	particularly
   1 coordination.	Influencers
   1 core	QAnon
   1 coronavirus	messaging.
   1 coronavirus,	warning
   1 corporate	brand
   1 cost	brands
   1 cost.	“There’s
   1 costs	$25
   1 costs	to
   1 could	change
   1 could	do
   1 council	of
   1 counter	Trump’s
   1 counterparts	were
   1 countless	“mainstream”
   1 country	and
   1 country,	and
   1 counts,	I
   1 couple	of
   1 course,	there
   1 crazy.	A
   1 create	a
   1 create	advocates.
   1 create	an
   1 create	powerful,
   1 created	their
   1 creating	the
   1 creative	work
   1 creators	and
   1 creators,	daily—several
   1 credibility	and
   1 critical	presidential
   1 cry,	meaning
   1 cultivating	followers
   1 culture	over
   1 culture	that
   1 culture.	European
   1 currency	of
   1 current	influx
   1 current	political-influencer
   1 cursory	policy
   1 cursory	solutions.
   1 customer	relationship
   1 cycle.”^32	Operating
   1 daily—several	thousand,
   1 dances	and
   1 dark	money
   1 dark	money,^55
   1 data	with
   1 database	of
   1 database,	painstakingly
   1 date	________________________________________
   1 day	if
   1 dealing	with
   1 deals	as
   1 deceptively	seeking
   1 decision-making	in
   1 decried	as
   1 deemed	2020
   1 deeper	issue
   1 deeply	personal
   1 defending	the
   1 defy	regulators
   1 degrees	of
   1 deleted	my
   1 demand	from
   1 demand.	Since
   1 demographic	groups,
   1 demographics	of
   1 demonstrated	a
   1 deniers	found
   1 deployed	by
   1 described	as
   1 described	by
   1 described	pursuing
   1 desire	to
   1 detailed	user
   1 details	about
   1 details	of
   1 detect	political
   1 detect	than
   1 detectable	way
   1 detecting	and
   1 detection	in
   1 detection	of
   1 detection	systems
   1 detection,	bot
   1 detection,	threatening
   1 detection.	As
   1 determine	what
   1 devotedly	respond
   1 dictate	outcomes
   1 did	not
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   1 didn’t	feel
   1 differ	from
   1 difference	between
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   1 differences	in
   1 differences:	(1)
   1 different	than
   1 different.	Ultimately,
   1 differentiating	between
   1 difficult	for
   1 difficult	to
   1 digital	advantage.
   1 digital	astroturfing—the
   1 digital	campaign
   1 digital	door
   1 digital	door-knocking,
   1 digital	free
   1 digital	influencers
   1 digital	marketing
   1 digital	media
   1 digital	propaganda.
   1 digital	systems
   1 diligent	research
   1 direct	message
   1 disclose	that
   1 disclose,	while
   1 disclosing	their
   1 disclosure	and
   1 disclosure	has
   1 disclosure	practices,
   1 disclosure	regarding
   1 disclosure	regulations
   1 disclosure,	proponents
   1 discourse	have
   1 discourse,	conceivably
   1 discourse.	While
   1 discourse.^43	QAnon
   1 discourse.^56	In
   1 discovered	this
   1 discredit	mainstream
   1 discuss	how
   1 discuss	politics.
   1 discussed	prior,
   1 discussion	of
   1 disinformation	by
   1 disinformation	campaign
   1 disinformation	regarding
   1 disinformation-trump/2020/09/15/c84091ae-f20a-11ea-b796-2dd09962649	c_story.html
   1 disinformation-trump/2020/09/15/c84091ae-f20a-11ea-b796-2dd09962649	c_story.html.
   1 disinformation.	In
   1 disliked	or
   1 dismissed	as
   1 dissuade.	Lastly,
   1 distancing	to
   1 distinct	shift
   1 distortion	of
   1 distortion,	almost
   1 distract	from
   1 do	a
   1 do	not
   1 do	on
   1 do	so
   1 do	so,
   1 do	their
   1 do	this
   1 document,	did
   1 documenting	her
   1 doesn’t	take
   1 doing	business.
   1 doing	enough.”
   1 doing	popular
   1 doing.^28	The
   1 domestic	influence
   1 dominated	by
   1 donor,	persuasion,
   1 don’t	have,
   1 don’t	just
   1 don’t	reveal
   1 door	and
   1 door	knockers,”
   1 door	or
   1 door-knocking,	I
   1 door-knocking,”	if
   1 door-knocking.	RESEARCH
   1 down	accounts
   1 down,	it’s
   1 drive	endorser
   1 driving	factor
   1 drop	a
   1 during	a
   1 during	police
   1 duty	and
   1 dying	from
   1 e-canvassing.”	However,
   1 each	other.
   1 earlier,	they
   1 easier	to
   1 easy	for
   1 echoing	the
   1 economic	instability
   1 economic	stability
   1 ecosystem,	engagement
   1 editorial	help.
   1 educate	society.
   1 educate	young
   1 effective	approach
   1 effective	at
   1 effective.	They
   1 effectively	prey
   1 effectiveness.	Marketing
   1 effects	of
   1 effects	throughout
   1 effort	spent
   1 effort	was
   1 effort	within
   1 efforts	on
   1 efforts	that
   1 efforts	to
   1 either	they’ve
   1 election	ads.
   1 election	cycle.”^32
   1 election,	I’m
   1 election,	Turning
   1 election,	the
   1 election.	Digiday.
   1 election.	Our
   1 election.	Such
   1 election:	Paying
   1 electioneering.	It
   1 elections	as
   1 elections	in
   1 elections.	Political
   1 elections.	We
   1 elites	who
   1 email	addresses
   1 embedded	video).
   1 emotional,	personal,
   1 emotions	during
   1 emphasize	narrative-style
   1 employ	layers
   1 employed.^49	Within
   1 employing	“digital-first”
   1 en	masse,
   1 en	masse—arguably
   1 enable	bad
   1 enables	the
   1 enabling	it
   1 enabling	secretive
   1 enabling	the
   1 encourage	individuality
   1 encourage	or
   1 encourage	people
   1 encourages	audience
   1 encourages	its
   1 encrypted	messaging
   1 endorsed	by
   1 endorsement	has
   1 endorsement	on
   1 endorsements	can
   1 endorsements	of
   1 endorsements,	and
   1 endorsements,	interviews
   1 endorser	credibility
   1 endorser	effectiveness.
   1 endorsers:	attributions
   1 endorses	Joe
   1 endorsing	(Tweet;
   1 enforced,	especially
   1 enforcement.”	Lack
   1 engaged	and
   1 engaged,	these
   1 engagement	ecosystem,
   1 engagement	following
   1 engagement	in
   1 engagement	isn’t
   1 engagement	without
   1 engagement	“pods”
   1 engagement,	as
   1 engagement,	even
   1 engagement,	is
   1 engagement,^47	influencers
   1 engagement-driven	system,
   1 engagement.	In
   1 engagement.	Motivation:
   1 engagement.	Wolf
   1 engagement.^46	Off-Platform
   1 engaging	back.
   1 enhance	reach,
   1 enhance	their
   1 enlisted	by
   1 enlivened	by
   1 enough.”	The
   1 enthusiastically	about
   1 environment	has
   1 equates	social
   1 equipped	“Rising
   1 ers-digital-outreach-young-people-vote-2020.	↩
   1 es-are-seeking-social-media-boost-too/yLCIjHQdS3nVs9wGpQiJMN/story.	html.
   1 especially	among
   1 especially	if
   1 especially	in
   1 especially	small-scale
   1 especially	those
   1 established	account
   1 established	platforms,
   1 established	tactic
   1 established	tactics
   1 establishing	an
   1 estimates.	WebFX.
   1 ethical?	On
   1 ethics	of
   1 even	going
   1 even	suggest
   1 events	in
   1 events	of
   1 every	step
   1 evidence	of
   1 evoke	the
   1 evoke	trust—speaking
   1 evolving	system
   1 example	is
   1 example	of
   1 excellent	advice;
   1 exchange	for
   1 executive	from
   1 executive	of
   1 executive	told
   1 executive:	“I
   1 executive:	“It’s
   1 executives	of
   1 executives	we
   1 existing	marketing
   1 existing	social
   1 expect	them
   1 expectation	of
   1 expectations	and
   1 expected.	Motivation:
   1 experience	separating
   1 experiences	with
   1 expert	from
   1 expert	who
   1 experts	reported
   1 experts,	ranging
   1 explained	that
   1 explicitly	coordinates
   1 explore	the
   1 external	digital
   1 external	sources.
   1 externally	from
   1 extremely	active,
   1 extremely	difficult
   1 f70-8a5b-11ea-ac8a-fe9b8088e101_story.html.	↩
   1 face	serious
   1 face-time	with
   1 fact	that
   1 fact,”	and
   1 factor	for
   1 failing	to
   1 fake	accounts
   1 fake	engagement
   1 fake	engagement.
   1 fake	followers
   1 fake	profiles
   1 false	information
   1 family.^19	Moreover,
   1 fantastical	authenticity
   1 far	as
   1 far	from
   1 father	and
   1 favor	of
   1 fears	of
   1 fed	up
   1 federal	government
   1 feed	regarding
   1 feedback	you
   1 feedback.	Latest
   1 feeds.^48	Fake
   1 feel	like
   1 feel	such
   1 feeling	fed
   1 female	Gulf-Arab
   1 fertile	ground
   1 festival.	W/
   1 few	campaigns
   1 few	interviews,
   1 finally,	to
   1 financial	reports.
   1 find	influencers
   1 find	new
   1 find	people
   1 findings	are
   1 findings	from
   1 finds	itself
   1 firm	Village
   1 firm	emphasize
   1 firm	executive:
   1 firm	executives
   1 firm	focuses
   1 firm	we
   1 firm,	Turning
   1 firms	and
   1 firms	must
   1 firms	prioritize
   1 firms,	and
   1 first	glance—moms
   1 first	half
   1 first	time.
   1 first.	Available
   1 fitness	gurus
   1 fits	well
   1 flags,	it
   1 flags,	stepping
   1 flattered	by
   1 fluencers-can-impact-your-business-in-2019/.	↩
   1 focus	in
   1 focus	on
   1 focused	more
   1 focused	on
   1 focused	primarily
   1 focuses	on
   1 focusing	on
   1 follow-up	post
   1 follower	counts,
   1 follower	engagement.
   1 follower-generated	content
   1 followers	feel
   1 followers	in
   1 followers	offline.
   1 followers	on
   1 followers	to
   1 followers,	and
   1 followers,	are
   1 followers,	by
   1 followers,	respectively.^14
   1 followers,	seem
   1 followers,	segmenting
   1 followers,	which
   1 followers.”	↩
   1 followers;	Instagram:
   1 followers”	and
   1 followers’	tweets
   1 followers—and	other
   1 followers…but	once
   1 follower’s	feeds.^48
   1 following	and
   1 following	her
   1 following	of
   1 following	posts
   1 following	the
   1 following	three
   1 followings,	as
   1 followings,	is
   1 follows,	are
   1 follows–	Facebook
   1 for	BLM
   1 for	Digital
   1 for	Our
   1 for	a
   1 for	becoming
   1 for	both
   1 for	clean
   1 for	commercial
   1 for	content
   1 for	dark
   1 for	digital
   1 for	engagement.
   1 for	face-time
   1 for	free
   1 for	future
   1 for	marshaling
   1 for	me
   1 for	member
   1 for	monitoring
   1 for	nano-influencers,
   1 for	nano-influencers’
   1 for	ordinary
   1 for	posts
   1 for	progressive
   1 for	spreading
   1 for	those
   1 for	violating
   1 forging	of
   1 formally	through
   1 format	of
   1 formed	as
   1 former	Federal
   1 forms	of
   1 found	its
   1 found	spreading
   1 found	that
   1 found	to
   1 found,	by
   1 found,	some
   1 fraud,	sought
   1 fraught	emotions
   1 free	or
   1 free	speech—all
   1 free,	and
   1 friends	with
   1 fringe	message
   1 fringe	theory;
   1 from	@WeAreNew_Public's
   1 from	Instagram
   1 from	an
   1 from	brands.
   1 from	canvassers
   1 from	child-trafficking
   1 from	claiming
   1 from	external
   1 from	fitness
   1 from	friends
   1 from	her
   1 from	https://campaignlegal.org/document/digitaldeception-
   1 from	https://cyber.fsi.stanford.edu/io/news/prigozhin-africa
   1 from	https://hypeauditor.com/s/auditor/
   1 from	https://www.webfx.com/influencer-marketing-pricing.html.
   1 from	increased
   1 from	influencers
   1 from	posts,
   1 from	prioritizing
   1 from	selling
   1 from	sharing
   1 from	social
   1 from	stakeholders
   1 from	strategists
   1 from	their
   1 front-line	workers,
   1 front-line	workers.
   1 full	of
   1 fund	influencer
   1 fund	networks
   1 funded	by
   1 further	complicates
   1 further,	one
   1 future	campaigns.^35
   1 gain	a
   1 gain	prestige,
   1 gain	traction,
   1 gaining	a
   1 game	what
   1 game:	How
   1 gardens	in
   1 gathered	into
   1 gathers	data
   1 gender,	and
   1 general	change
   1 general	influencer
   1 generic	phrases
   1 genre,	some
   1 genuine	grassroots
   1 get	as
   1 get	their
   1 get	those
   1 getting	in
   1 given	area,
   1 given	city,
   1 given	time.
   1 given	town,
   1 giving	preference
   1 glance—moms	speaking
   1 global	child-trafficking
   1 global	politics.
   1 gn-contributions-surge.	;
   1 go	against
   1 go	all.”)
   1 go	beyond
   1 go	one,
   1 goal	is
   1 goal	of
   1 goes	‘Oh,
   1 going	so
   1 gone	unnoticed
   1 good	at
   1 good”	for
   1 good”	or
   1 gotten	just
   1 government	and
   1 government,	and
   1 governmental	regulators
   1 governments	face
   1 grasp	of
   1 grassroots	organization.^36
   1 grassroots	political
   1 grassroots	support.
   1 great,”	or,
   1 greater	GOP
   1 ground	for
   1 groundswell	of
   1 group	Turning
   1 group	and
   1 group	that
   1 group	to
   1 group	we
   1 group,	there
   1 group.’	Which
   1 groups	and
   1 groups	appear
   1 groups	is
   1 groups	may
   1 groups	on
   1 groups	themselves
   1 groups,	as
   1 groups,	dark
   1 groups,	especially
   1 groups.	Partisan
   1 groups.	These
   1 group’s	misleading
   1 grow	their
   1 growing	form
   1 growing	number
   1 grow…They’re	looking
   1 guests	to
   1 guidance,	the
   1 guidelines	publicly
   1 guidelines	surrounding
   1 gurus	to
   1 h-numbers-for-first-time.html	↩
   1 had	increased.
   1 had	nano-influencers
   1 had	not
   1 had	they
   1 had	to
   1 half	a
   1 half	of
   1 hand,	networks
   1 hand,	some
   1 handful	of
   1 handles	the
   1 hapiro-dave-rubin.	↩
   1 harder	to
   1 harmful	ideas,
   1 harmful	messages
   1 harmful	messaging
   1 harmful	narratives
   1 harness	influencers
   1 harnessing	nano-influencers—accounts
   1 has	1.5
   1 has	also
   1 has	caused,
   1 has	conducted
   1 has	equipped
   1 has	focused
   1 has	found
   1 has	gotten
   1 has	long
   1 has	multiple
   1 has	nearly
   1 has	not
   1 has	over
   1 hashtags	also
   1 hashtags	and
   1 hashtags^37—political	posts
   1 hasn’t	stopped
   1 hat-trump-seems-to-support-people-who-promote-them/	↩
   1 hate,	they
   1 hateful	comments
   1 have	Black
   1 have	COVID,
   1 have	also
   1 have	an
   1 have	bred
   1 have	built
   1 have	catalyzed
   1 have	changed
   1 have	conducted
   1 have	connections
   1 have	deemed
   1 have	formed
   1 have	gathered
   1 have	had
   1 have	heard
   1 have	joined
   1 have	large-scale
   1 have	led
   1 have	long
   1 have	no
   1 have	our
   1 have	over
   1 have	people
   1 have	previously
   1 have	relationships
   1 have	shifted
   1 have	since
   1 have	small-scale
   1 have	sub-
   1 have	to
   1 have	way
   1 have,	so
   1 have.	Share
   1 he	doesn’t
   1 headquarters	to
   1 healthy	living
   1 heard	from
   1 heard	of
   1 help	them
   1 help	them,
   1 help.	This
   1 her	27,800
   1 her	account.
   1 her	experience
   1 her	journey
   1 her	life,
   1 her	son’s
   1 her	stories
   1 her	story
   1 hey,	for
   1 higher	in
   1 higher	levels
   1 highlight	a
   1 highlights	labeled
   1 highly	contentious
   1 highly	engaged
   1 highly	engaged,
   1 highly	organized
   1 highly	specific
   1 highly	targetable
   1 highly	trusted
   1 highly	visible,
   1 himself	has
   1 his	editorial
   1 his	excellent
   1 his	massive
   1 his	own
   1 history	if
   1 history…	We
   1 horizon	in
   1 hotbed	of
   1 house	has
   1 houses	to
   1 houses,	be
   1 houses,”	have
   1 houses”	mentioned
   1 houses”	on
   1 how	DuckDuckGo
   1 how	they
   1 how	to
   1 how-major-democratic-dark-money-group-exploited-digital-ad-loophole	s
   1 html.	;
   1 http://bit.ly/2NaZe5u	Sign
   1 http://bit.ly/3p0EQSy	EngagingNews
   1 http://wapo.st/2XVCwAE	EngagingNews
   1 https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/russia-targeted-african-american-vo	te-madeinstagram-
   1 https://campaignlegal.org/document/digitaldeception-	how-major-democratic-dark-money-group-exploited-digital-ad-loophole
   1 https://cyber.fsi.stanford.edu/io/news/prigozhin-africa	↩
   1 https://digiday.com/marketing/wildly-under-utilized-what-influencer	-marketing-looks-like-for-the-2020-election/.
   1 https://hypeauditor.com/s/auditor/	resources/The-State-of-Influencer-Marketing-2019.pdf.
   1 https://instagram-press.com/	blog/2016/03/15/seethe-
   1 https://joebiden.com/wp-content/	uploads/2020/09/Branding_HQ_Biden_Harris_Brand_Guidelines_UPDATED_0
   1 https://mediaengagement.org/research/social-media-influencers-and-the-2	020-election
   1 https://morningconsult.com/2019/12/19/experts-say-influencers-could	-help-campaigns-sidestepsocial-
   1 https://theharrispoll.com/the-harris-poll-covid19-tracker/	↩
   1 https://twitter.com/AlexBNewhouse/status/1308485518041034752	↩
   1 https://twitter.com/TheRock/	status/1310198847835000834.
   1 https://wolfglobal.org/best-telegramgroups/	↩
   1 https://www.	buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemcneal/the-era-of-influencers-bei
   1 https://www.	nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html
   1 https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2019/12/23/candidates-and-caus	es-are-seeking-social-media-boost-too/yLCIjHQdS3nVs9wGpQiJMN/story.
   1 https://www.cheq.ai/influencers	↩
   1 https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/24/tiktok-reveals-us-global-user-growt	h-numbers-for-first-time.html
   1 https://www.cnn.	com/2020/05/09/politics/joe-biden-digital-campaign/index.html.
   1 https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/15/politics/turning-point-usa-twitterfa	cebook/
   1 https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/27/entertainment/the-rock-dwayne-johnso	n-endorses-biden-harris-trnd/index.html.
   1 https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/	a33549416/cardi-b-joe-biden-interview/.
   1 https://www.engadget.com/social-media-andcoronavirus-turned-qanon-m	ainstream-192049364.html.
   1 https://www.fec.gov/	resources/cms-content/documents/2019-12-18-The-Law-of-Internet-Comm
   1 https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesnycouncil/2019/01/31/how-nano-in	fluencers-can-impact-your-business-in-2019/.
   1 https://www.journalism.org/2020/09/16/most-americans-who-have-heard	-of-qanon-conspiracy-theories-say-they-are-badfor-the-country-and-t
   1 https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-06-20/joe-biden-influenc	ers-digital-outreach-young-people-vote-2020.
   1 https://www.npr.	org/2020/09/03/908254716/2020-is-the-year-of-the-woman-donor-campai
   1 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/11/business/media/nanoinfluencers-i	nstagram-influencers.html.
   1 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/business/trump-tik-tok-wechat-ba	n.html
   1 https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/08/parties-dark-money-to-2020	-elections/
   1 https://www.ozy.com/	news-and-politics/why-2020-is-the-year-of-who-cares/259357/.
   1 https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/26/fec-caroline-hunter-resign	s-341396
   1 https://www.post-gazette.com/	opinion/2020/08/11/Michael-Brendan-Dougherty-2020-is-the-year-of-re
   1 https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/blackout-tuesday-	posts-drown-out-vital-information-for-blmprotesters-
   1 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1095186/tiktok-ususers-age/	↩
   1 https://www.teenvogue.com/story/	climate-change-denial-qanon
   1 https://www.theverge.	com/21489979/biden-trump-presidential-dabate-election-youtube-ben-s
   1 https://www.tpusa.com/influencermedia.	↩
   1 https://www.vanityfair.	com/news/2019/06/can-democrats-win-back-the-internet-in-the-age-of-
   1 https://www.vox.	com/2020/2/14/21137102/mike-bloomberg-instagram-meme-ad-campaign-ba
   1 https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/	technology-once-used-to-combat-isis-propaganda-is-enlisted-by-democ
   1 https://www.webfx.com/influencer-marketing-pricing.html.	↩
   1 https://www.wsj.com/articles/political-campaigns-turn-to-social-med	ia-influencers-to-reach-voters-11569251450.
   1 https://www.wsj.com/articles/political-campaigns-turn-to-social-med	ia-influencers-to-reachvoters-
   1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o71LtfUtSAo.	↩
   1 humans	to
   1 hundred	thousand
   1 hype	house
   1 hype	houses
   1 hype	houses,
   1 hyper-specific	audiences,
   1 hypothesized	to
   1 ia-influencers-to-reach-voters-11569251450.	↩
   1 ia-influencers-to-reachvoters-	11569251450.
   1 idea	that
   1 ideas	and
   1 ideas,	as
   1 identical	language.
   1 identified	three
   1 identity.	All
   1 ideology.	Current
   1 idols.	By
   1 if	a
   1 if	like
   1 if	someone
   1 if	there
   1 ignited	by
   1 illustrates	how
   1 immersed	in
   1 impact	on
   1 implicate	Joe
   1 implications	for
   1 important	findings
   1 important	time
   1 important.	http://wapo.st/2XVCwAE
   1 importantly,	the
   1 imposed	by
   1 improve	our
   1 impunity,	and
   1 in	10
   1 in	2016
   1 in	2016,
   1 in	2017.^38
   1 in	2017.^63
   1 in	2019.
   1 in	2020
   1 in	2020?
   1 in	Adoption
   1 in	Africa
   1 in	Africa.
   1 in	Arizona
   1 in	Arizona.
   1 in	Behavioral
   1 in	ChicagoDecember
   1 in	Facebook
   1 in	Instagram’s
   1 in	Investigative
   1 in	[a]
   1 in	adoption
   1 in	and,
   1 in	both
   1 in	coordination
   1 in	dealing
   1 in	direct
   1 in	effort
   1 in	efforts
   1 in	engagement.^46
   1 in	exchange
   1 in	favor
   1 in	followers
   1 in	global
   1 in	influencer
   1 in	interviews
   1 in	money,
   1 in	mountainous
   1 in	opposition.
   1 in	our
   1 in	propaganda
   1 in	pursuit
   1 in	question,
   1 in	recent
   1 in	society,
   1 in	support
   1 in	swing
   1 in	terms
   1 in	that
   1 in	these
   1 in	this
   1 in	trends
   1 in	turn
   1 in	which
   1 in	working
   1 in	“WAKEUP”
   1 in	‘dark
   1 in-depth	interviews
   1 inactive	members
   1 incentive	structures
   1 incentivization	of
   1 includes	the
   1 including	minors,
   1 including	the
   1 including	those
   1 incorporating	celebrity
   1 increase	engagement
   1 increase	engagement,
   1 increase	viewership.
   1 increased	amount
   1 increased	engagement
   1 increased	follower
   1 increased	visibility,
   1 increased.	The
   1 increasing	demand
   1 increasing	focus
   1 increasingly	polarized
   1 independent	&
   1 index	alternative
   1 index.html.	↩
   1 individual	fits
   1 individuality	in
   1 individually	and
   1 individually.	That
   1 individuals	who
   1 individuals	whose
   1 individuals,	including
   1 inexpensive,^20	enabling
   1 initiates	new
   1 innocuous	upon
   1 inorganic	organizing
   1 inorganic	way,
   1 insights	from
   1 inspiring	others,
   1 instability	and
   1 instant	versus
   1 instead	by
   1 integrity	of
   1 interactions	and
   1 interest	groups.
   1 interested	in
   1 interested,	most
   1 interesting	now
   1 interestingly,	coordinates
   1 interference	in
   1 internalization	of
   1 international	journal,
   1 interspersed	with
   1 interview	subjects.
   1 interview	two
   1 interview	with
   1 interviewed	as
   1 interviewed	by
   1 interviewed	had
   1 interviewed:	“In
   1 interviewed:	“My
   1 interviewed:	“Right
   1 interviewed:	“The
   1 interviewed:	“They
   1 interviewed:	“We’re
   1 interviewed:	“What’s
   1 interviewee	was
   1 interviews	are
   1 interviews	as
   1 interviews	reveal
   1 interviews	was
   1 interviews,	capitalizing
   1 interviews,	it
   1 interviews,	our
   1 interweaving	personal
   1 intimate	followings,
   1 intimate	relationships
   1 into	a
   1 into	brands,
   1 into	how
   1 into	mainstream
   1 into	the
   1 into	their
   1 into	topics,
   1 into	“hype
   1 investigation	of
   1 invigorate	the
   1 invigorate	those
   1 invited	young,
   1 is	QAnon,
   1 is	always
   1 is	authenticity.^9
   1 is	backfiring.
   1 is	both
   1 is	causing
   1 is	defending
   1 is	different.
   1 is	digital
   1 is	disliked
   1 is	easy
   1 is	enlisted
   1 is	full
   1 is	great,”
   1 is	harder
   1 is	how
   1 is	knocking
   1 is	like
   1 is	manifold.
   1 is	more
   1 is	more,
   1 is	often
   1 is	poorly
   1 is	popular
   1 is	possible
   1 is	predicted
   1 is	relatively
   1 is	shaping
   1 is	spreading
   1 is	this
   1 is	using
   1 is	watered
   1 is	working
   1 is	you’re
   1 is	“very
   1 is	“wildly
   1 isn’t	sustained.^45
   1 issue	of
   1 issue.	Current
   1 issue.	While
   1 issues	and
   1 issues,	the
   1 issues.^5	Now,
   1 it	appear
   1 it	appears
   1 it	as
   1 it	can
   1 it	comes
   1 it	easy
   1 it	extremely
   1 it	has
   1 it	kind
   1 it	powerless
   1 it	seems
   1 it	shows
   1 it	tends
   1 it	to
   1 its	algorithm
   1 its	users
   1 its	way
   1 itself	has
   1 itself	without
   1 it’s	a
   1 it’s	easier
   1 it’s	going
   1 it’s	kind
   1 it’s,	you
   1 job	loss
   1 job.”	That
   1 jobs	or
   1 joined	the
   1 journal,	47(11),
   1 journey	as
   1 just	act
   1 just	in
   1 just	need
   1 just	so
   1 justifications	we
   1 key	concern
   1 key	demographic
   1 key	differences:
   1 key/story?id=59862038	↩
   1 kidnapped.	Okay,
   1 knockers,”	are
   1 know,	burning
   1 know,	either
   1 know,	hey,
   1 know,	lives
   1 know,	they’ll
   1 know?	I
   1 knowledge	to
   1 labeled	“WAKEUP”
   1 labor.	Social
   1 lack	of
   1 landscape,	in
   1 landscape,	provoking
   1 language	like
   1 language.	The
   1 large	followings,
   1 large	network
   1 large,	is
   1 large-scale	reach:
   1 largely	specific
   1 largest	groups
   1 last	night
   1 last	week's
   1 last	year.
   1 late	last
   1 latest	appeal
   1 layers	of
   1 lead	followers
   1 leads	to
   1 leave	“quality
   1 leaves	significant
   1 leaving	it
   1 leaving	social
   1 led	by
   1 led	to
   1 leeching	engagement
   1 legal	requirements
   1 legitimate	discourse.^56
   1 legitimize	and
   1 less	control.”
   1 less	detectable
   1 less	than
   1 levels	of
   1 leveraging	small-scale
   1 leveraging	these
   1 liberal	tactic,
   1 liberal	“hype
   1 life,	such
   1 lifestyle	and
   1 lifestyle.^2	She
   1 like	#thegreatawakening
   1 like	#wwg1wga
   1 like	Airbnb,
   1 like	Brandwatch
   1 like	I
   1 like	WhatsApp
   1 like	age,
   1 like	control
   1 like	for
   1 like	leeching
   1 like	repeatedly
   1 like	the
   1 like	they’re
   1 like	this
   1 like	to
   1 like	violence
   1 like	“#savethechildren,”
   1 like,	“this
   1 like-minded	influencers.
   1 like:	‘Oh,
   1 likes	and
   1 like—to	determine
   1 linked	to
   1 links	to
   1 list	of
   1 listening	software—extracting
   1 little	to
   1 lives	in
   1 living	a
   1 living	advocate
   1 living	brands.
   1 living	in
   1 local	communities
   1 local	communities.^29
   1 local	elections
   1 local	narratives
   1 local	people
   1 local	touch
   1 location	to
   1 location,	age,
   1 location,	and
   1 logistics	of
   1 long	term,
   1 longer	a
   1 lose	followers…but
   1 losing	quorum
   1 loss	have
   1 lost	jobs
   1 lost.”	Once
   1 lot	we
   1 love	is
   1 loyalty,	and
   1 made	Instagram
   1 made	money
   1 made	up
   1 magnifying	sort
   1 mail-in	ballot
   1 main	brand
   1 main	catalyst
   1 main	driving
   1 main	motivations
   1 mainstream	influencer
   1 mainstream	media
   1 mainstream	platforms
   1 mainstream.	Engadget.
   1 maintain	control
   1 make	a
   1 make	their
   1 make	up
   1 makes	it
   1 makes	sense,
   1 malleable	audience.
   1 management	platforms
   1 managers,	they
   1 manages	partner
   1 mandates	and
   1 manifold.	Unlike
   1 manipulatable	audience
   1 manipulate	conversations
   1 manipulate	engagement
   1 manipulation	and
   1 manipulation	than
   1 many	QAnon
   1 many	brand
   1 many	commenters
   1 many	estimates.
   1 many	of
   1 many	pods
   1 many	things:
   1 many,	and
   1 marching	orders
   1 marked	increase
   1 markedly	increased
   1 marketers	tell
   1 marketing	companies
   1 marketing	executive
   1 marketing	experts
   1 marketing	firm,
   1 marketing	is
   1 marketing	looks
   1 marketing	platforms
   1 marketing	platforms,
   1 marketing	tools
   1 marketing,	which
   1 marketing:	perceived
   1 marking	platforms,
   1 marshaling	by
   1 marshalled	both
   1 mask	mandates
   1 masks,	and
   1 masse,	Facebook
   1 masse—arguably	by
   1 massive	audience.
   1 may	be
   1 may	have
   1 may	have.
   1 may	invigorate
   1 may	not
   1 may	regard
   1 may	work
   1 maybe	it’s,
   1 me	to
   1 meaning	“where
   1 meaningful.	I
   1 means	to
   1 means.	Here,
   1 measures”	for
   1 media	activism.
   1 media	age:
   1 media	boost,
   1 media	bots
   1 media	campaign
   1 media	campaign.
   1 media	due
   1 media	during
   1 media	had
   1 media	influencers.
   1 media	influencers’
   1 media	is
   1 media	landscape,
   1 media	platforms.
   1 media	profiles
   1 media	spokespersons.
   1 media	training
   1 media	“influencers”
   1 media,	implicate
   1 media,	the
   1 media-crackdown-on-political-ads/.	↩
   1 media.	These
   1 media:	Navigating
   1 meeting	takes
   1 mega-influencers,	and
   1 member	violations
   1 members	and
   1 members	to
   1 members,	also
   1 members,	which
   1 meme	accompanied
   1 meme	ad
   1 memes,	bequeathing
   1 mentioned	by
   1 mentioned	earlier,
   1 merchandise	companies.
   1 merchandise,	and,
   1 merchandise,	as
   1 merchandise,	if
   1 message	board
   1 message	coordination
   1 message	groups
   1 message	or
   1 message	that
   1 messages	are
   1 messages	from
   1 messages	in
   1 messages	that
   1 messaging	applications
   1 messaging	is
   1 messaging	that
   1 messaging	with
   1 messaging.	According
   1 messaging.	Coordinating
   1 messaging.	The
   1 messaging.^10	When
   1 messengers.	Influencer
   1 method	of
   1 methods.	And
   1 methods.^50	Pods,
   1 me”.	International
   1 micro-influencers	and
   1 micro-influencers	now,
   1 micro-influencers	who
   1 middle	schoolers”
   1 millennial	political
   1 million	and
   1 million	by
   1 million	followers,
   1 million	monthly
   1 million	on
   1 million-plus	followers,
   1 millions	in
   1 mimic	legitimate
   1 mimic	the
   1 mimicked,	particularly
   1 mimicking	influencer
   1 mindset:	implications
   1 minority	influencers
   1 minors,	to
   1 misinformation	regarding
   1 misleading	social
   1 mobilize	hyper-specific
   1 mode	of
   1 moments	you
   1 moments-you-care-about-first/	↩
   1 mommy	influencers
   1 monetize	their
   1 monetizing	influence,
   1 money	and
   1 money	at
   1 money,	connections,
   1 money,^55	and
   1 money’	to
   1 money”	to
   1 monitored	by
   1 monitoring	influencers
   1 monitoring	measures”
   1 monthly	users
   1 more	adept
   1 more	advanced
   1 more	attention
   1 more	complex
   1 more	effectively
   1 more	influencers.
   1 more	intimate
   1 more	organic-appearing
   1 more	palatable
   1 more	radical
   1 more	time
   1 more	trustworthy
   1 more,	top-down
   1 most	ambitious
   1 most	common
   1 most	effective
   1 most	effective.
   1 most	interestingly,
   1 most	manipulatable
   1 most	of
   1 most	receptive
   1 most	wanted
   1 mostly	about
   1 mother	and
   1 motherhood,	women
   1 motivated	by
   1 motivated	political
   1 motivation	for
   1 motivations	behind
   1 mountainous	terrains,
   1 movement	can
   1 movements.	The
   1 movements.^39	Using
   1 much-discussed	Bloomberg
   1 multiple	accounts
   1 multiple	tiers
   1 multitudes	in
   1 must	act.
   1 must	be
   1 my	whole
   1 n-endorses-biden-harris-trnd/index.html.	;
   1 n.html	↩
   1 narrative-style	messaging
   1 narratives	coming
   1 narratives	to
   1 narratives.	The
   1 navigation	*
   1 nearly	900,000.^30
   1 necessarily	a
   1 negotiate	influence
   1 networks,	particularly
   1 never	going
   1 new	form
   1 new	influencers,
   1 new	kind
   1 new	mode
   1 new	ways
   1 news	articles,
   1 news	organizations
   1 news	sources
   1 news-and-politics/why-2020-is-the-year-of-who-cares/259357/.	;
   1 next	couple
   1 ng-apolitical-online-is-over.	↩
   1 nice,	you
   1 niche	passion,
   1 niche	users
   1 night	due
   1 no	clear
   1 no	detection,
   1 no	different
   1 no	disclosure
   1 no	longer
   1 no	one’:
   1 no	such
   1 norm	of
   1 normal	individuals
   1 normal,	mainstream
   1 norms	and
   1 norms	regarding
   1 norms	surrounding
   1 not	a
   1 not	be
   1 not	being
   1 not	disclose
   1 not	gone
   1 not	hearing
   1 not	including
   1 not	interested
   1 not	necessarily
   1 not	paid
   1 not	qualify
   1 not	received
   1 not	strict,”
   1 not	talk
   1 not	the
   1 not...	online."
   1 notable	events
   1 notes	these
   1 now	a
   1 now	being
   1 now	feel
   1 now	is
   1 now	using
   1 now	we
   1 now,	authentic
   1 now,	you
   1 nstagram-influencers.html.	;
   1 number	at
   1 numbers	for
   1 nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html	↩
   1 observational	study
   1 obsessed.”	Top-down
   1 obviously	like
   1 occupations	are
   1 occurs	off-
   1 occurs	off-platform,
   1 of	10
   1 of	170,000
   1 of	2020
   1 of	2020.
   1 of	@protocol
   1 of	@washingtonpost
   1 of	Business
   1 of	Communication
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   1 of	Facebook.^62
   1 of	Influencer
   1 of	Influencers
   1 of	Internet
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   1 of	Op-EdsDecember
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   1 of	PACs
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   1 of	celebrity
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   1 of	conservative
   1 of	conspiracy
   1 of	content.
   1 of	coordination,
   1 of	creative
   1 of	creators,
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   1 of	engagement,
   1 of	existing
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   1 of	gardens
   1 of	harnessing
   1 of	hateful
   1 of	highly
   1 of	history
   1 of	ideas
   1 of	influencers,^12
   1 of	influencers—especially
   1 of	leveraging
   1 of	like-minded
   1 of	main
   1 of	many
   1 of	many,
   1 of	merchandise,
   1 of	messages
   1 of	messaging
   1 of	messaging.^10
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   1 of	networks
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   1 of	our
   1 of	perceived
   1 of	personally
   1 of	pictures
   1 of	pods
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   1 of	politically-charged
   1 of	politicking.
   1 of	posting
   1 of	posts
   1 of	posts,
   1 of	proper
   1 of	proprietary
   1 of	reach,
   1 of	real
   1 of	resentment.
   1 of	resistance
   1 of	satanic
   1 of	similar
   1 of	so-called
   1 of	subcontracting
   1 of	success.^13
   1 of	sunlit
   1 of	this
   1 of	time
   1 of	top-down
   1 of	trusted
   1 of	unsuspecting
   1 of	us,
   1 of	user
   1 of	view…you’re
   1 of	voters
   1 of	weeks.”
   1 of	what
   1 of	whether
   1 of	which
   1 of	whom
   1 of	“Gen
   1 of	‘inorganic’
   1 of	“liberal
   1 off	social
   1 off-	platform.
   1 off-platform	to
   1 off-platform,	and
   1 offensive	content
   1 offer	their
   1 offered	actual
   1 offers	cursory
   1 offline,	and
   1 offline.	Noted
   1 often	also
   1 often	encourage
   1 often	incorporating
   1 often	local
   1 often	relying
   1 often	run
   1 often	take
   1 often	to
   1 often	using
   1 often	with
   1 on	Facebook
   1 on	Facebook,
   1 on	Instagram,
   1 on	Political
   1 on	QAnon
   1 on	Social
   1 on	Telegram
   1 on	TikTok
   1 on	application
   1 on	authenticity
   1 on	both
   1 on	characteristics
   1 on	chronological
   1 on	corporate
   1 on	digital
   1 on	disclosure,
   1 on	encrypted
   1 on	existing
   1 on	flags,
   1 on	for
   1 on	foreign
   1 on	his
   1 on	last
   1 on	one
   1 on	our
   1 on	political
   1 on	rescuing
   1 on	state
   1 on	surrogates,
   1 on	their
   1 on	them,
   1 on	this.
   1 on	twitter:
   1 on	user
   1 on	using
   1 on	voter
   1 once	QAnon
   1 once	a
   1 once	had
   1 once	used
   1 one	another’s
   1 one	executive
   1 one	former
   1 one	group
   1 one	hand,
   1 one	politically
   1 one	post
   1 one	prominent
   1 one	strategist,
   1 one	way
   1 one,	we
   1 one’:	Modernization,
   1 ongoing	effort
   1 online	due
   1 online	political
   1 online	presence,
   1 online,^57	but
   1 online."	@pierce
   1 only	able
   1 only	are
   1 only	source
   1 openings	for
   1 operate	in
   1 operate	their
   1 operating	an
   1 operation	described
   1 operation.	QAnon
   1 operations	in
   1 operations	with
   1 operations—elite-dictated	propaganda
   1 operatives	steering
   1 opinion	and
   1 opinion/2020/08/11/Michael-Brendan-Dougherty-2020-is-the-year-of-re	sentment/stories/202008110026.
   1 opposition.	One
   1 or	Good
   1 or	affiliation
   1 or	another.
   1 or	at
   1 or	calling
   1 or	cause.^11
   1 or	dismissed
   1 or	dissuade.
   1 or	do
   1 or	gain
   1 or	if
   1 or	liberal
   1 or	otherwise.
   1 or	payment
   1 or	payment.
   1 or	performative,
   1 or	performative.
   1 or	political
   1 or	program
   1 or	simply
   1 or	sockpuppets,
   1 or	supporting
   1 or	the
   1 or	view.
   1 or	“nano,”
   1 or	“slacktivism,”
   1 or	“somewhat
   1 or,	“love
   1 orchestrated	disinformation
   1 orders	or
   1 ordinary	people,
   1 org/2020/09/03/908254716/2020-is-the-year-of-the-woman-donor-campai	gn-contributions-surge.
   1 organic-appearing	way
   1 organization	to
   1 organization.^36	Norm
   1 organizations	are
   1 organizations	on
   1 organized	into
   1 organized	surrogates
   1 organizing	can
   1 organizing	tactics
   1 other	QAnon
   1 other	forms
   1 other	hand,
   1 other	means.
   1 other	members,
   1 other	places.”
   1 other	platforms
   1 other	small-scale
   1 other	statements
   1 other.	They’ll
   1 others	tagging
   1 others,	and,
   1 others.	The
   1 otherwise.	Lastly,
   1 our	history…
   1 our	interviewee
   1 our	own
   1 our	research,
   1 our	work
   1 out	@CaseyNewton's
   1 out	against
   1 out	for
   1 out	from
   1 out	this
   1 outcomes	on
   1 outcomes.	Acknowledgements
   1 outlines	important
   1 outreach,	or
   1 outside	the
   1 over	100,000,
   1 over	24,700
   1 over	50
   1 over	500,000
   1 overlook	the
   1 oversight,	there
   1 overwhelming	amount
   1 own	database,
   1 own	financial
   1 own	influencer
   1 own	of
   1 own	partisan
   1 own	personal
   1 own	research
   1 own	research”
   1 own	rosters
   1 own	sort
   1 own	“authentic”
   1 owned	by
   1 paid	by
   1 paid	for
   1 paid	in
   1 paid	individuals,
   1 paid	teenagers
   1 paid	to
   1 paid,	and
   1 paid,	highly
   1 pain	it
   1 painstakingly	populated
   1 pair	this
   1 palatable	and
   1 pandemic,	and
   1 paranoia	and
   1 parenting	influencers,
   1 part	of
   1 particularly	comments
   1 particularly	if
   1 particularly	regarding
   1 parties	in
   1 partisan	content.
   1 partisan	differences
   1 partisan	influencer
   1 partisan	means
   1 partisan	rage.^6
   1 partner	accounts,
   1 partnering	with
   1 partnerships	with
   1 partnerships.^4	But
   1 party-line	issue.
   1 passion	that
   1 passion,	which
   1 past,	such
   1 past.	In
   1 paying	influencers
   1 payment	came
   1 payment	from
   1 payment	is
   1 payment	or
   1 payment,	because
   1 payment.	Thousands
   1 payments	often
   1 pedophilia.	In
   1 people	are
   1 people	feel
   1 people	in
   1 people	instead
   1 people	now
   1 people	pick
   1 people	seeking
   1 people	that
   1 people	to
   1 people	whose
   1 people	worship
   1 people,	and
   1 people,	it’s
   1 people,	who
   1 people,	you
   1 people,”	around
   1 people.^31	An
   1 people’	for
   1 per	1,000
   1 per	1,000.
   1 perceived	authenticity.^22
   1 perceived	intimate
   1 perceived	or
   1 perceived	to
   1 perceptions,	and
   1 performative,	they
   1 performative.	Motivation:
   1 personal	activism,
   1 personal	anecdotes
   1 personal	details
   1 personal	interactions
   1 personal	narratives.
   1 personal	stories.
   1 personal,	and
   1 personally	motivated
   1 perspective.	Social
   1 perspective.	↩
   1 persuasion,	and
   1 photos	of
   1 phrases	like,
   1 pick	up
   1 pictures	documenting
   1 place	off
   1 place	once
   1 places.”	↩
   1 platform	executive:
   1 platform	labor.
   1 platform	with
   1 platform-	agnostic,”
   1 platform.	Political
   1 platform.	Without
   1 platform.^58	The
   1 platforms	(CRMs),
   1 platforms	and
   1 platforms	could
   1 platforms	in
   1 platforms	through
   1 platforms,	assemble
   1 platforms,	campaigns
   1 platforms,	they
   1 platforms.	Furthermore,
   1 platforms.	This
   1 platforms”	to
   1 pod	is
   1 pods	and
   1 pods	as
   1 pods	can
   1 pods	explained
   1 pods	on
   1 pods	tend
   1 pods.	One
   1 pods:”	groups
   1 pod…	it
   1 point	of
   1 points	also
   1 polarized	in
   1 police	protests
   1 policies	highlight
   1 policies	themselves.^61
   1 policies.^34	Logistics:
   1 policy	for
   1 policy	recommendations.
   1 political	Hype
   1 political	activism
   1 political	activism,
   1 political	activism”
   1 political	actors
   1 political	advertisements—once
   1 political	advertising
   1 political	appeal
   1 political	bots
   1 political	commentary.
   1 political	consultants
   1 political	content,
   1 political	discourse,
   1 political	discourse.
   1 political	donor,
   1 political	ideology.
   1 political	independent
   1 political	influencer:
   1 political	influencers:
   1 political	issues
   1 political	merchandise,
   1 political	messaging.
   1 political	point
   1 political	posts,
   1 political	strategists
   1 political	strategy
   1 political-influencer	landscape,
   1 politically	agnostic
   1 politically	charged
   1 politically-charged	content
   1 politician.	DISCUSSION:
   1 politicians	and
   1 politicians	are
   1 politicized—ignited	by
   1 politicking.	Social
   1 politics,	two
   1 politics,	with
   1 politics.	First
   1 politics.	Not
   1 politics.	“What
   1 politics:	Effects
   1 poorly	enforced,
   1 popular	QAnon
   1 popular	conservative
   1 popular	dances
   1 popular	with
   1 popular,	with
   1 popular.	Several
   1 popularity	online,^57
   1 populated	by
   1 pose	a
   1 poses	serious
   1 positioned	to
   1 possible	that
   1 post	QAnon
   1 post	about
   1 post	advertising
   1 post	anything
   1 post	can
   1 post	claiming
   1 post	content
   1 post	enthusiastically
   1 post	equates
   1 post	in
   1 post	that
   1 post	with
   1 posted	May
   1 posted	by
   1 posted	yesterday…But
   1 poster,	and
   1 posting	political
   1 posting	politically
   1 postings:	the
   1 posts	appear
   1 posts	are
   1 posts	based
   1 posts	do
   1 posts	have
   1 posts	in
   1 posts	may
   1 posts	related
   1 posts	something
   1 posts	to
   1 posts,	news
   1 posts,	regardless
   1 posts,	replies,
   1 posts,	undermining
   1 posts-drown-out-vital-information-for-blmprotesters-	1008917/
   1 potential	symbiosis
   1 potentially	sway
   1 power:	Social
   1 powerful	asset
   1 powerful,	emotional,
   1 powerless	to
   1 practices	of
   1 practices,	differentiating
   1 pre-cooked	message
   1 precautions,	QAnon
   1 precedents	have
   1 predicted	to
   1 preference	and
   1 preference	to
   1 premium	services.^51
   1 preprint	arXiv:2004.09531
   1 presence,	with
   1 presidential	candidates.
   1 presidential	election,
   1 prestige,	and
   1 pretending	they
   1 previously	been
   1 prey	upon
   1 price	of
   1 primarily	on
   1 primary	method
   1 primary	motivation
   1 primary	occupations
   1 prime	example
   1 principal	strengths
   1 prior,	in
   1 prioritize	in
   1 prioritize	the
   1 prioritizing	posts
   1 prized	endorsements,
   1 probably	a
   1 probably	lose
   1 produces	their
   1 professional	electioneering.
   1 profile	is
   1 profile.”	Although
   1 profiles	and
   1 profiles	into
   1 program	ahead
   1 programming	to
   1 progressive	campaigns,
   1 progressive	influencers
   1 promote	Republican
   1 promote	their
   1 promote	them.
   1 promoting	follower-generated
   1 promotions	for
   1 propaganda	by
   1 propaganda	from
   1 propaganda	is
   1 propaganda	research
   1 propaganda	through
   1 propaganda	war:
   1 propaganda.	The
   1 proper	disclosure
   1 proponents	of
   1 proprietary	database
   1 proprietary	list
   1 protect	identity.
   1 protests	following
   1 protests	in
   1 protests,	the
   1 proud	contributor!
   1 provided	by
   1 provoking	and
   1 pseudonym	to
   1 pseudonyms.	Notably,
   1 public	opinion
   1 publicly	endorsed
   1 publicly	provided
   1 pulling	approved
   1 purchase	of
   1 purposes,	the
   1 pursuing	partnerships
   1 pursuit	of
   1 pushed	online
   1 qualify	for
   1 quality	control.^17
   1 quality	of
   1 quality.	Political
   1 question,	ignited
   1 questioning	mainstream
   1 questions	and
   1 quick	to
   1 quickly	as
   1 quorum	again
   1 quorum,	leaving
   1 race	riots
   1 radical	conspiratorial
   1 rage.^6	But
   1 rallying	cry,
   1 rallying	small-scale
   1 ranging	from
   1 ranks	of
   1 rates	are
   1 rather	being
   1 ratic-group-to-counter-trumps-coronavirusmessaging/2020/05/01/6bed5	f70-8a5b-11ea-ac8a-fe9b8088e101_story.html.
   1 reach	of
   1 reach	thousands
   1 reach,	(2)
   1 reach,	specifically
   1 reach:	the
   1 reaching	those
   1 real	account.
   1 real	accounts,
   1 real	humans
   1 real	users,
   1 reality.”	Pods
   1 realized	that
   1 really	easy
   1 really	get
   1 really	grow…They’re
   1 really	normal,
   1 really	understood
   1 really	want.”
   1 realm	of
   1 realm,^21	and
   1 reason	they
   1 received	marching
   1 received	on
   1 recent	study
   1 recently	found
   1 receptive	to
   1 recognition	from
   1 recommendations	from
   1 recommendations.	FINDINGS
   1 recommendations.	The
   1 recruit	a
   1 recruit	more
   1 recruiting	front-line
   1 reduced	cost.
   1 reflecting	increasing
   1 reflecting	the
   1 reflection	on
   1 regard	the
   1 regarded	as
   1 regarding	COVID-19
   1 regarding	COVID-19,
   1 regarding	acceptable
   1 regarding	amplification
   1 regarding	authenticity
   1 regarding	coordination.
   1 regarding	masks,
   1 regarding	online
   1 regarding	payment
   1 regardless	of
   1 regulations	leaves
   1 regulators	and,
   1 regulators	concerned
   1 related	to
   1 relational	difference
   1 relational	power
   1 relationship	management
   1 relationship	with
   1 relationships	with.
   1 relatively	new
   1 relying	on
   1 remaining	“authentic.”
   1 remove	inactive
   1 removed	from
   1 removed	several
   1 removing	real
   1 repeatedly	just
   1 replicated	en
   1 replies,	and
   1 reply	to
   1 report	concludes
   1 report	this
   1 report	was
   1 reported	100
   1 reported	260
   1 reported	feeling
   1 reportedly	paid
   1 reporters	in
   1 reports.	Political
   1 represent	a
   1 reputation.	In
   1 requests	and
   1 requirements	surrounding
   1 rescuing	children
   1 research	and
   1 research	assistance;
   1 research	identified
   1 research	suggests
   1 research	team
   1 research,	influencer
   1 research.	CME
   1 research”	into
   1 resentment	and
   1 resentment.	Pittsburg
   1 reshare	and
   1 reshares	of
   1 resigns.	Politico.
   1 resources/The-State-of-Influencer-Marketing-2019.pdf.	↩
   1 resources/cms-content/documents/2019-12-18-The-Law-of-Internet-Comm	unication-Disclaimers.pdf.
   1 respectively.^14	Long-form
   1 respond.	In
   1 responsibility—now	we
   1 results	(Tweet).
   1 results.^41	Influencer
   1 retweeting	thousands
   1 reveal	the
   1 reveal	they’ve
   1 reveals	detailed
   1 right	side
   1 rings…	it
   1 riots	to
   1 ripe	for
   1 ripple	effects
   1 rise	of
   1 risking	brand
   1 role	of
   1 rosters	through
   1 rosters,	reflecting
   1 roughly	86
   1 rules	imposed
   1 rules	regarding
   1 run	on
   1 run	up
   1 running	a
   1 runs	over
   1 rushes	to
   1 s	↩
   1 s-341396	↩
   1 said	the
   1 said,	small-scale
   1 said,	we
   1 same.^44	From
   1 satanic	elites
   1 save	children
   1 save	the
   1 saw	on
   1 saw	people,
   1 say	something,
   1 say	they
   1 saying.”	Once
   1 says,	“I
   1 scale	of
   1 schoolers”	because
   1 scraping	of
   1 scraping	social
   1 search	results
   1 search	results.^41
   1 searches	and
   1 searching	Instagram
   1 second	post
   1 secretive	political
   1 sections:	(1)
   1 sects	of
   1 security	and
   1 see	from
   1 see	influencers,
   1 see	it
   1 see	the
   1 seeing	on
   1 seeking	a
   1 seeking	similar
   1 seem	ripe
   1 seems	closer
   1 segmented	by
   1 select	influencers
   1 self-forming	groups
   1 self-organization.	Predicated
   1 self-presentation.	Journal
   1 sell	other
   1 selling	merchandise,
   1 selling	of
   1 sells	“real
   1 sense,	but
   1 sentiment	that
   1 sentiments	of
   1 sentment/stories/202008110026.	↩
   1 separating	from
   1 serious	challenges
   1 serious	concerns
   1 seriously.	Los
   1 services	for
   1 services.^51	The
   1 set	for
   1 sets	of
   1 several	accounts
   1 several	hundred
   1 several	of
   1 several	prominent
   1 several	used
   1 sex	on
   1 sex-trafficking—but	the
   1 shape	political
   1 shaping	up
   1 sharable	for
   1 share	political
   1 share	traits
   1 shared	document,
   1 shares	deeply
   1 sharing	controversial
   1 sharing	links
   1 sharing	of
   1 sharing	platform
   1 sharing	their
   1 she’ll	probably
   1 shied	away
   1 shift	norms
   1 shifted	on
   1 shifting	the
   1 should	be
   1 should	save
   1 shows	he
   1 shows	you
   1 shut	down
   1 side	of
   1 side.	Recognizing
   1 side.”	↩
   1 sides	of
   1 significant	openings
   1 significantly	higher
   1 similar	efforts
   1 similar	genre,
   1 similar	outcomes.
   1 simply	partnering
   1 simply	recognition
   1 since	been
   1 single	door
   1 single	number
   1 single	post
   1 single,	real
   1 site	4chan
   1 size,	and
   1 small	and
   1 small	network
   1 small-scale	influencers.
   1 small-scale	political
   1 small-scale,	or
   1 smaller	and
   1 smaller	audiences,
   1 so	I’m
   1 so	as
   1 so	at
   1 so	crazy.
   1 so	far
   1 so	like
   1 so	nice,
   1 so	they
   1 so,	giving
   1 so-called	“influencer
   1 social	causes
   1 social	distancing
   1 social	influencers,
   1 social	issues,
   1 social	issues.^5
   1 social	listening
   1 social	media.
   1 social	media:
   1 social	movement
   1 social	movements.
   1 social	space.
   1 society,	one
   1 society.	And
   1 sockpuppets	and
   1 sockpuppets,	but
   1 software—extracting	data
   1 solutions.	AN
   1 some	additional
   1 some	argue
   1 some	marketing
   1 some	may
   1 some	precedents
   1 someone	goes
   1 something	QAnon,
   1 something,	and
   1 son’s	father
   1 sought	to
   1 source	of
   1 sourced	from
   1 sources	higher
   1 sources.	Their
   1 space.	Not
   1 spam	policies.^34
   1 speak	up,”
   1 speaking	out
   1 special	interest
   1 specific	audiences
   1 specific	candidate.
   1 specific	sects
   1 specific	to
   1 specific	type
   1 specific	voters
   1 specifically	the
   1 specificity	with
   1 speech	are
   1 speech	will
   1 speech—all	while
   1 spending	a
   1 spent	monetizing
   1 spent	on
   1 spoke	to,
   1 spoke	to:
   1 spoke	w.
   1 spoke	with,
   1 spokespersons.	What
   1 spread	a
   1 spread	coordinated
   1 spread	disinformation
   1 spread	false
   1 spread	partisan
   1 spreading	disinformation
   1 spreading	disinformation.
   1 stability	they
   1 stakeholders	outside
   1 stand	on
   1 stand	out
   1 standardization	of
   1 start	believing
   1 start	making
   1 state	and
   1 statements	are
   1 states	and
   1 states,	and
   1 status	instead
   1 status/1310198847835000834.	↩
   1 steering	millions
   1 step	further,
   1 step	that
   1 stepping	on
   1 stopped	an
   1 stories	and
   1 stories	in
   1 stories.	And
   1 story	highlights
   1 story	illustrates
   1 story	of
   1 stranger’s	door
   1 strategies	to
   1 strategies,	with
   1 strategist,	“This
   1 strategists	coordinating
   1 strategists	who
   1 strategists.	However,
   1 strategy	firms,
   1 strengths	of
   1 stress	that
   1 strict,”	adding
   1 stricter	rules
   1 structures	have
   1 studies	pods
   1 studying	the
   1 stuff.”	↩
   1 style	and,
   1 sub-	sets
   1 subcontracting	to
   1 subjects.	Partisan
   1 subsequent	protests,
   1 subsequently,	establishing
   1 success.^13	President
   1 successful	social
   1 successfully	targeted
   1 such	posts
   1 such	responsibility—now
   1 such	small-scale
   1 such	thing
   1 such.	Even
   1 suddenly	posts
   1 suggest	what
   1 suggests	it
   1 sunlit	photos
   1 support	of
   1 support	people
   1 support.	Coordinating
   1 supporting	that.’”
   1 supporting	women,
   1 surrogates	of
   1 surrogates,	as
   1 surrounding	influencer
   1 surrounding	the
   1 surrounding	these
   1 surveyed	said
   1 suspension	of
   1 sustained.^45	A
   1 swallow,	and
   1 sway	masses
   1 sway	voters.
   1 swaying	public
   1 swing	states,
   1 symbiosis	of
   1 system	based
   1 system,	when
   1 systems	amounts
   1 systems	built
   1 tabs	in
   1 tactic	for
   1 tactic	to
   1 tactic,	the
   1 tactics	are
   1 tactics	in
   1 tactics	such
   1 tactics	to
   1 tagged	with
   1 tagging	the
   1 take	a
   1 take	back
   1 take	place
   1 take	us
   1 takes	place
   1 talk	about
   1 talking	points
   1 target	highly
   1 target	key
   1 target	to
   1 targetable	audiences,
   1 targeted	African-American
   1 targeted	black
   1 targeting	“14-year-olds
   1 te-madeinstagram-	key/story?id=59862038
   1 team	at
   1 team	is
   1 techniques,	while
   1 technologists	have
   1 technology-once-used-to-combat-isis-propaganda-is-enlisted-by-democ	ratic-group-to-counter-trumps-coronavirusmessaging/2020/05/01/6bed5
   1 teenagers	in
   1 teenagers,	who
   1 tell	their
   1 tell	us
   1 tends	to
   1 term,	we’re
   1 terrains,	two
   1 testing	tactics
   1 than	conventional
   1 than	the
   1 than	to
   1 than	using
   1 than	what
   1 that	Donald
   1 that	QAnon
   1 that	Trump
   1 that	anyone
   1 that	approached
   1 that	are
   1 that	area,”
   1 that	came
   1 that	children
   1 that	control
   1 that	encourage
   1 that	every
   1 that	explicitly
   1 that	foreign
   1 that	have
   1 that	initiates
   1 that	it
   1 that	makes
   1 that	messaging.
   1 that	most
   1 that	or
   1 that	payment
   1 that	people
   1 that	political
   1 that	remove
   1 that	that
   1 that	the
   1 that	their
   1 that	there
   1 that	there's
   1 that	these
   1 that	this
   1 that	thrives
   1 that	would
   1 that	“it’s
   1 that.’”	↩
   1 that?	That’s
   1 that’s	well
   1 the	2016
   1 the	2018
   1 the	Age
   1 the	COVID-19
   1 the	Conservative
   1 the	Federal
   1 the	Harris
   1 the	Internet
   1 the	John
   1 the	Kremlin’s
   1 the	May
   1 the	Nanoinfluencers?
   1 the	RNC
   1 the	State
   1 the	U.S.
   1 the	Viral
   1 the	White
   1 the	Year
   1 the	ability
   1 the	aisle
   1 the	aisle,
   1 the	alleged
   1 the	anti-vaccination
   1 the	apolitical
   1 the	appeal
   1 the	attention
   1 the	benefit
   1 the	candid
   1 the	celebrity
   1 the	central
   1 the	chic:
   1 the	children
   1 the	co-option
   1 the	collectives
   1 the	commercial
   1 the	company
   1 the	conservative
   1 the	conspiracy
   1 the	controversial
   1 the	controversial^52
   1 the	coordination
   1 the	core
   1 the	coronavirus,
   1 the	costs
   1 the	country
   1 the	country,
   1 the	day
   1 the	deeper
   1 the	demographics
   1 the	desire
   1 the	economic
   1 the	engagement
   1 the	established
   1 the	ethics
   1 the	fact
   1 the	fantastical
   1 the	federal
   1 the	few
   1 the	firm
   1 the	following
   1 the	forging
   1 the	form
   1 the	fringe
   1 the	goal
   1 the	government,
   1 the	group,
   1 the	groups.
   1 the	horizon
   1 the	idea
   1 the	incentive
   1 the	incentivization
   1 the	influencers:
   1 the	influencer’s
   1 the	influences
   1 the	investigation
   1 the	issue.
   1 the	justifications
   1 the	lack
   1 the	largest
   1 the	last
   1 the	legal
   1 the	like—to
   1 the	logistics
   1 the	long
   1 the	mainstream
   1 the	mask
   1 the	mobilization
   1 the	moments
   1 the	much-discussed
   1 the	next
   1 the	norms
   1 the	number
   1 the	one
   1 the	other
   1 the	others.
   1 the	overwhelming
   1 the	pain
   1 the	past,
   1 the	past.
   1 the	payment
   1 the	platform.
   1 the	platform.^58
   1 the	platforms
   1 the	platforms.
   1 the	pod…
   1 the	policies
   1 the	poster,
   1 the	posts
   1 the	posts,
   1 the	potential
   1 the	purchase
   1 the	ranks
   1 the	reach
   1 the	reason
   1 the	relational
   1 the	right
   1 the	rise
   1 the	role
   1 the	run
   1 the	same.^44
   1 the	search
   1 the	security
   1 the	selling
   1 the	sentiment
   1 the	sentiments
   1 the	sharing
   1 the	specificity
   1 the	stricter
   1 the	suspension
   1 the	time
   1 the	topic.
   1 the	topics
   1 the	truth
   1 the	unique
   1 the	utility
   1 the	video,
   1 the	virus.
   1 the	visibility
   1 the	voices
   1 the	wake
   1 the	whole
   1 the	woman
   1 the	year…
   1 the	“hype
   1 their	Democratic
   1 their	affiliation
   1 their	audiences,
   1 their	audiences.
   1 their	behavior.
   1 their	business
   1 their	businesses.”
   1 their	causes.
   1 their	close
   1 their	content
   1 their	diligent
   1 their	followers,
   1 their	follower’s
   1 their	impact
   1 their	influence
   1 their	influence.
   1 their	influencers.
   1 their	organization
   1 their	platforms
   1 their	primary
   1 their	responsibility
   1 their	rosters,
   1 their	search
   1 their	services
   1 their	several
   1 their	social
   1 their	style
   1 their	use
   1 them	based
   1 them	by
   1 them	demonstrated
   1 them	in
   1 them	individually.
   1 them,	QAnon
   1 them,	and
   1 them,	perceived
   1 them.	Of
   1 them.	Pew
   1 themselves	are
   1 themselves.	We
   1 themselves.^61	The
   1 then	use
   1 then	we
   1 theoretical	perspective.
   1 theories	and
   1 theories	and,
   1 theories	say
   1 theory	alleges
   1 theory	that
   1 theory;	2
   1 there	has
   1 there's	no
   1 therefore	better
   1 there’s	never
   1 these	challenges
   1 these	communities"
   1 these	groups
   1 these	hashtags
   1 these	influencers
   1 these	states
   1 these	tactics
   1 these	“authentic”
   1 they	appear
   1 they	approached
   1 they	began
   1 they	can,
   1 they	can.”
   1 they	coordinate
   1 they	create
   1 they	devotedly
   1 they	don’t
   1 they	made
   1 they	obviously
   1 they	once
   1 they	paid
   1 they	really
   1 they	saw
   1 they	see
   1 they	spent
   1 they	tend
   1 they	told
   1 they	use
   1 they	want
   1 they	were
   1 they	would
   1 they've	found,
   1 they’ll	get
   1 they’re	looking
   1 they’ve	been
   1 they’ve	lost
   1 thing	as
   1 thing	was
   1 things	like
   1 things:	the
   1 think	if
   1 think	it
   1 think	it’s
   1 think	that
   1 think	you
   1 this	a
   1 this	age
   1 this	and
   1 this	as
   1 this	backdrop
   1 this	coordinated
   1 this	critical
   1 this	data
   1 this	election
   1 this	fake
   1 this	influencer
   1 this	over
   1 this	passion
   1 this	realm
   1 this	shift
   1 this	stuff.”
   1 this	was
   1 this	without
   1 this,	we
   1 this.	I
   1 this.	Or
   1 those	as
   1 those	followers.”
   1 those	front-line
   1 those	in
   1 those	led
   1 those	of
   1 those	people,
   1 those	seeking
   1 those	spreading
   1 those	we
   1 those	which
   1 those	who
   1 though	a
   1 thousand	to
   1 thousand,	and
   1 threat	to
   1 threat:	When
   1 threatening	the
   1 three	key
   1 three	main
   1 three	sections:
   1 thrives	on
   1 through	an
   1 through	companies
   1 through	outreach,
   1 through	political
   1 through	self-organization.
   1 through	trusted
   1 throughout	the
   1 tiers	of
   1 time	consuming,
   1 time	in
   1 time	on
   1 time	they
   1 time.	CNBC.
   1 time.	There
   1 to	2020
   1 to	29,^54
   1 to	51%
   1 to	Ban
   1 to	Biden’s
   1 to	CIA
   1 to	COVID-19
   1 to	COVID-19,^59
   1 to	COVID-19,^7
   1 to	Claire
   1 to	Instagram
   1 to	Instagram,
   1 to	Jacob
   1 to	Martin
   1 to	WebFX,
   1 to	act.^60
   1 to	active,
   1 to	amplify
   1 to	apply
   1 to	assess
   1 to	automated
   1 to	beauty
   1 to	become
   1 to	blunt
   1 to	boost
   1 to	build
   1 to	call
   1 to	campaign
   1 to	capitalize
   1 to	celebrity
   1 to	change
   1 to	choose
   1 to	communicate
   1 to	computational
   1 to	continue
   1 to	cost
   1 to	counter
   1 to	date
   1 to	defy
   1 to	described
   1 to	dictate
   1 to	disclose,
   1 to	discredit
   1 to	distract
   1 to	door-knocking.
   1 to	each
   1 to	encourage
   1 to	evidence
   1 to	executives
   1 to	fears
   1 to	find
   1 to	focus
   1 to	game
   1 to	go
   1 to	governmental
   1 to	had
   1 to	have
   1 to	help
   1 to	her
   1 to	his
   1 to	improve
   1 to	increased
   1 to	influence
   1 to	interview
   1 to	leave
   1 to	maintain
   1 to	manipulation
   1 to	masses
   1 to	million-plus
   1 to	mobilize
   1 to	monetize
   1 to	no
   1 to	offer
   1 to	operate
   1 to	or
   1 to	other
   1 to	politics,
   1 to	politics.
   1 to	potentially
   1 to	promote
   1 to	protect
   1 to	questions
   1 to	reach
   1 to	reply
   1 to	report
   1 to	reshare
   1 to	respond
   1 to	respond.
   1 to	save
   1 to	say
   1 to	shape
   1 to	share
   1 to	shift
   1 to	simply
   1 to	stress
   1 to	support
   1 to	swallow,
   1 to	sway
   1 to	that
   1 to	these
   1 to	trade
   1 to	transfer
   1 to	tweets
   1 to	user
   1 to	videos
   1 to	young
   1 to	youth
   1 to	“do
   1 to	“signal
   1 to,	the
   1 to:	“A
   1 told	us.
   1 too	controversial.
   1 too.	The
   1 took	action.
   1 tools	like
   1 tools.	We
   1 top-down	coordination,
   1 top-down	propaganda
   1 topic.	The
   1 topics	and
   1 topics,	and
   1 topics;	and
   1 torture	techniques,
   1 touch	to
   1 towards	recommendations
   1 towards	the
   1 town,	and
   1 traction,	they
   1 trade	engagement
   1 traditional	marketing
   1 traditional	political
   1 training	and
   1 traits	such
   1 transfer	perspective.
   1 transfer	the
   1 transparency	regarding
   1 transparency,	accountability,
   1 travel	influencers,
   1 treated	as
   1 trend.	The
   1 trends	and
   1 trump.	;
   1 trust	followers
   1 trust	that
   1 trust	transfer
   1 trust	when
   1 trust,	loyalty,
   1 trust-building	strategies
   1 trusted	by
   1 trusted	friends
   1 trusted	social
   1 trustworthy	by
   1 trust—speaking	about
   1 truth	(e.g.
   1 turn	begets
   1 tweets	and
   1 tweets	posted
   1 twitter:	Bots,
   1 two	influencer
   1 two	of
   1 two	tabs
   1 two	well-known
   1 types	of
   1 typical	example
   1 unaware	that
   1 under	threat:
   1 under-utilized.”^27	Across
   1 under-utilized’:	What
   1 undermining	one
   1 understand	how
   1 understand	the
   1 understood	like:
   1 underway,	such
   1 unication-Disclaimers.pdf.	↩
   1 unique	way
   1 unnoticed	by
   1 unsuspecting	voters
   1 untraceable	“dark
   1 up	many
   1 up	of
   1 up	on
   1 up	with
   1 up,”	reflecting
   1 uploads/2020/09/Branding_HQ_Biden_Harris_Brand_Guidelines_UPDATED_0	81320_compressed.pdf.
   1 upon	first
   1 upon	fraught
   1 upon	quality
   1 upon	their
   1 us	seriously.
   1 us,	we
   1 us.	Interestingly,
   1 usage	appears
   1 use	QAnon
   1 use	established
   1 use	influencer
   1 use	platforms
   1 use	their
   1 use	to
   1 use	untraceable
   1 used	identical
   1 used	off-platform
   1 used	pseudonyms.
   1 user	numbers
   1 user	on
   1 user	preference
   1 user	trust
   1 users	by
   1 users	commented
   1 users	in
   1 users	instead
   1 users	that
   1 users	who
   1 users,	in
   1 users,	the
   1 using	automated
   1 using	bots
   1 using	influencer
   1 using	influencers’
   1 using	inorganic
   1 using	local
   1 using	nano-influencers
   1 using	race
   1 using	their
   1 utilise	trust-building
   1 utility	of
   1 value	of
   1 variety	of
   1 varying	degrees
   1 version	of
   1 versus	the
   1 very	good
   1 very	important
   1 video	I
   1 video	has
   1 video	interviews
   1 video	posted
   1 video	sharing
   1 video	was
   1 video).	Twitter.
   1 video,	Sarah
   1 videos	that
   1 view	their
   1 view.	So,
   1 viewership.	Trump
   1 views,^3	with
   1 view…you’re	not
   1 violating	manipulation
   1 violations	like
   1 violence	and
   1 virus.	A
   1 visibility	game:
   1 visibility	on
   1 visibility,	but
   1 visible,	celebrity
   1 vloggers,	and
   1 voices	of
   1 volunteer	work.
   1 volunteers	in
   1 vote,	made
   1 voted	for
   1 voter	attitudes,
   1 voters	are
   1 voters	shows
   1 voters	through
   1 voters	to
   1 voters	who
   1 voters.	In
   1 w.	@Cat_Zakrzewski
   1 wake	of
   1 wakeup	call
   1 waning.	User-generated
   1 want.”	These
   1 wants	to
   1 war:	Researchers.
   1 warning	users
   1 warnings	and
   1 was	after
   1 was	broken
   1 was	doing
   1 was	funded
   1 was	important.
   1 was	lost.”
   1 was	meaningful.
   1 was	pushed
   1 was	quick
   1 was	recently
   1 was	that
   1 was	“sincere
   1 watered	down,
   1 way	into
   1 way	less
   1 way	or
   1 way	than
   1 way	the
   1 way	to
   1 way,	which
   1 ways	to
   1 we	can
   1 we	do
   1 we	explore
   1 we	heard
   1 we	need
   1 we	own
   1 we	should
   1 we	were
   1 we	work
   1 web	browser
   1 web	searches
   1 web-based	video
   1 week's	@WeAreNew_Public
   1 week:	“Let’s
   1 weeks.”	However,
   1 well	over
   1 well	underway,
   1 well	with
   1 well-curated	content,
   1 well-established	Influencer
   1 well-established	online
   1 well-known	influencer
   1 well-known	influencers,
   1 well-placed	experts,
   1 well.	Grassroots
   1 well.	We
   1 went	mainstream.
   1 were	a
   1 were	doing.^28
   1 were	found,
   1 were	interested,
   1 were	not
   1 were	only
   1 were	pulling
   1 were	working
   1 we’re	going
   1 we’re	hearing
   1 we’re	segmenting
   1 what	messages
   1 what	social
   1 what	web
   1 what	we’re
   1 when	influencer
   1 when	it
   1 when	their
   1 when	these
   1 when	you
   1 where	bad
   1 where	influencers
   1 where	we
   1 whether	they
   1 which	allow
   1 which	both
   1 which	in
   1 which	includes
   1 which	index
   1 which	is
   1 which	lead
   1 which	leads
   1 which	makes
   1 which	poses
   1 which	runs
   1 which	used
   1 which	we
   1 which	you
   1 while	another
   1 while	influencers
   1 while	using
   1 who	also
   1 who	coordinate
   1 who	harness
   1 who	is
   1 who	live
   1 who	looks
   1 who	promote
   1 who	share
   1 who	studies
   1 who,	you
   1 whole	account
   1 whole	story
   1 whole	thing
   1 whom	are
   1 whose	audience
   1 whose	content
   1 whose	primary
   1 whose	team
   1 who’s	reaching
   1 why	this
   1 why	would
   1 will	be
   1 will	continue
   1 will	reach
   1 willing	to
   1 with	Joe
   1 with	Team
   1 with	Trump
   1 with	additional
   1 with	an
   1 with	created
   1 with	digital
   1 with	followers,
   1 with	gathers
   1 with	greater
   1 with	hashtags
   1 with	impunity,
   1 with	influencers
   1 with	influencers,
   1 with	less
   1 with	little
   1 with	many
   1 with	mega-influencers,
   1 with	more
   1 with	one
   1 with	popular
   1 with	progressive
   1 with	promotions
   1 with	roughly
   1 with	small
   1 with	smaller
   1 with	social
   1 with	them,
   1 with	them.
   1 with	these
   1 with	this
   1 with	those
   1 with	told
   1 with	traditional
   1 with	two
   1 with	varying
   1 with	well-curated
   1 with	well-known
   1 with	well-placed
   1 with	which
   1 with	“authentic”
   1 with,	a
   1 with.	And
   1 with.”	↩
   1 within	their
   1 without	a
   1 without	any
   1 without	challenges,
   1 without	challenges.
   1 without	disclosing
   1 without	engaging
   1 woman	political
   1 women	supporting
   1 women,	and
   1 work	as
   1 work	has
   1 work	in
   1 work	with.”
   1 work.	In
   1 workers,	who
   1 workers.	And
   1 working	in
   1 world	against
   1 world	has
   1 worship	what
   1 would	I
   1 would	be
   1 would	have
   1 would	like
   1 year.	With
   1 years,	and
   1 years,	social
   1 year…	We
   1 year”	of
   1 yesterday…But	I
   1 you	can
   1 you	care
   1 you	drop
   1 you	get
   1 you	have
   1 you	know?
   1 you	may
   1 you	target
   1 you	the
   1 you	to
   1 you	work
   1 young	people
   1 young	people,
   1 young	voters
   1 young,	minority
   1 your	feedback.
   1 your	profile.”
   1 youth	conservative
   1 you’re	getting
   1 you’re	magnifying
   1 you’re	saying.”
   1 you’re	seeing
   1 zero-tolerance	policy
   1 |	ELLE.
   1 ©	Copyright
   1 ↩	10.
   1 ↩	11.
   1 ↩	12.
   1 ↩	13.
   1 ↩	14.
   1 ↩	15.
   1 ↩	16.
   1 ↩	17.
   1 ↩	18.
   1 ↩	19.
   1 ↩	2.
   1 ↩	20.
   1 ↩	21.
   1 ↩	22.
   1 ↩	23.
   1 ↩	24.
   1 ↩	25.
   1 ↩	26.
   1 ↩	27.
   1 ↩	28.
   1 ↩	29.
   1 ↩	3.
   1 ↩	30.
   1 ↩	31.
   1 ↩	32.
   1 ↩	33.
   1 ↩	34.
   1 ↩	35.
   1 ↩	36.
   1 ↩	37.
   1 ↩	38.
   1 ↩	39.
   1 ↩	4.
   1 ↩	40.
   1 ↩	41.
   1 ↩	42.
   1 ↩	43.
   1 ↩	44.
   1 ↩	45.
   1 ↩	46.
   1 ↩	47.
   1 ↩	48.
   1 ↩	49.
   1 ↩	5.
   1 ↩	50.
   1 ↩	51.
   1 ↩	52.
   1 ↩	53.
   1 ↩	54.
   1 ↩	55.
   1 ↩	56.
   1 ↩	57.
   1 ↩	58.
   1 ↩	59.
   1 ↩	6.
   1 ↩	60.
   1 ↩	61.
   1 ↩	62.
   1 ↩	63.
   1 ↩	7.
   1 ↩	8.
   1 ↩	9.
   1 ↩	Recent
   1 “#savethechildren,”	many
   1 “14-year-olds	and
   1 “A	lot
   1 “AWAKENING”	Sarah
   1 “Blackout	Tuesday”
   1 “CoronaVirus”	stand
   1 “Gen	Z”
   1 “I	almost
   1 “I	think
   1 “In	terms
   1 “It’s	become
   1 “Let’s	not
   1 “Most	of
   1 “My	whole
   1 ‘Oh,	I
   1 ‘Oh,	this
   1 ‘Regular	People’
   1 “Right	now
   1 “Rising	Stars”
   1 ‘The	Rock’
   1 “The	Rock”
   1 “The	concern
   1 “The	main
   1 “There’s	a
   1 “They	really
   1 “This	is
   1 ‘Trust	no
   1 “WAKEUP”	and
   1 “WAKEUP”	are
   1 “We	have
   1 “We’re	obsessed.”
   1 “What	you’re
   1 “What’s	interesting
   1 “When	you
   1 ‘Wildly	under-utilized’:
   1 “additional	monitoring
   1 “among	the
   1 “armchair	activism”
   1 “authentic.”	Lack
   1 “authentic”	accounts
   1 “authentic”	content,
   1 “authentic”	political
   1 “bot”	accounts,
   1 “bot”	accounts,^40
   1 “can	just
   1 ‘dark	money’
   1 “dark	money”
   1 “digital-first”	advertising
   1 “do	[their]
   1 “engagement	pods:”
   1 “every	beat
   1 “everyday	people,”
   1 “hype	houses,”
   1 “influencer	platforms”
   1 “influencers”	can
   1 ‘inorganic’	information
   1 “it’s	not
   1 “it’s	their
   1 “just	being
   1 ‘key	battleground’
   1 “liberal	Hollywood.”
   1 “love	your
   1 “mainstream”	influencers,
   1 “nano,”	influencers.^8
   1 “nature-first”	lifestyle.^2
   1 “pods”	have
   1 ‘prospect’,	which
   1 “quality	comments”
   1 “real	USA
   1 ‘regular	people’
   1 “regular”	users,
   1 ‘signal	boosting’
   1 “signal	boost”
   1 “sincere	political
   1 “slacktivism,”	but
   1 “somewhat	good”
   1 “technology-neutral	and
   1 “the	year”
   1 “this	is
   1 “very	good”
   1 “virtual	door-knocking,”
   1 “volunteer	digital
   1 “watered-down”	version
   1 “where	we
   1 “wildly	under-utilized.”^27
   1 Nano-Influencers	Can
   1 Nanoinfluencers?	The
   1 nano-influencers	because
   1 nano-influencers	on
   1 nano-influencers	with
   1 nano-influencers,	and
   1 nano-influencers,	now
   1 nano-influencers,	whose
   1 nano-influencers’	contact
   1 nano-influencers—accounts	with
   1 0.00%	chance
   1 1).	‘Wildly
   1 1,	2020.
   1 1,000	followers;
   1 1,000.	Of
   1 1,000;	Twitter:
   1 1,000;	YouTube:
   1 1,000;	and,
   1 1-12.	↩
   1 1.	A
   1 1.5	million
   1 2	out
   1 2).	Blackout
   1 2.	As
   1 2.8	million
   1 3).	2020
   1 3,	2020,
   1 3.	As
   1 4	in
   1 4).	Technology
   1 4.	McNeal,
   1 4chan	in
   1 5	"Imagine
   1 5(1),	2056305118819241.
   1 5(4),	2056305119879671
   1 5.	According
   1 6(2).	;
   1 6.	Zarroli,
   1 7	"What
   1 7,	2020.
   1 7.	According
   1 8.	According
   1 9	With
   1 9).	Biden’s
   1 9.	Abidin,
   1 10	Americans
   1 10	Republicans
   1 10	million
   1 10	to
   1 10).	2020
   1 10,	2020
   1 10,	between
   1 10,000	followers—and
   1 10.	Kapitan,
   1 11).	Are
   1 11,	20.
   1 11.	Morin,
   1 12.	Massoglia,
   1 13(4),	352-365.
   1 13).	Best
   1 13,	20.
   1 13.	Bradner,
   1 14	and
   1 14	in-depth
   1 14).	Bloomberg’s
   1 14).	How
   1 14.	As
   1 15.	ELLE.
   1 16).	Twitter
   1 16.	Jackson,
   1 17(4),	301-321.
   1 17).	Russia
   1 17,	2020
   1 17.	Hu,
   1 18).	Most
   1 18).	Party
   1 18).	Trump
   1 18).	What
   1 18.	Ghaffary,
   1 19).	Experts
   1 19.	Barhorst,
   1 020-election	1.
   1 20).	Opinion:
   1 20.	;
   1 20.	According
   1 20.	↩
   1 21(4),	895-913.
   1 21,	2020
   1 21.	Maheshwari,
   1 21st	ICIG
   1 22).	I
   1 22).	U.S.
   1 22-34	;
   1 22.	Abidin,
   1 23).	Candidates
   1 23.	Hamby,
   1 24).	TikTok
   1 24,	Sarah
   1 24.	Glazer,
   1 24,700	views,^3
   1 25).	Can
   1 25.	Kelly,
   1 25th	murder
   1 26).	FEC
   1 26.	JoeBiden.com.
   1 27(1),	22-34
   1 27(3),	553-567.
   1 27).	As
   1 27).	Dwayne
   1 27,	2020
   1 27.	Monllos,
   1 27,800	followers
   1 28).	The
   1 28.	According
   1 29	million
   1 29).	Climate
   1 29,	2020
   1 29,^54	has
   1 29.	Glazer,
   1 30).	The
   1 30.	As
   1 31).	Council
   1 31).	Who
   1 31.	Turning
   1 32.	Stanley-Becker,
   1 33.	Ibid.
   1 34,	118-122.
   1 34.	LeBlanc,
   1 35.	According
   1 36.	According
   1 37.	Shaffer,
   1 38.	Roose,
   1 39.	Bell,
   1 40.	Ferrara,
   1 41.	Newhouse,
   1 42.	Aupers,
   1 43.	According
   1 44.	Amy
   1 45.	According
   1 46%	to
   1 46.	Deaton,
   1 47(11),	1-12.
   1 47.	Instagram
   1 48.	Cotter,
   1 49(4),	413-420.
   1 49.	Cavazos,
   1 50	engagement
   1 50.	O’Meara,
   1 51%	of
   1 51.	Wolf
   1 52.	Swanson,
   1 53.	Sherman,
   1 54.	Clement,
   1 55.	Fischer,
   1 56.	Zhang,
   1 57.	Woolley,
   1 58.	Stanley-Becker,
   1 59.	Ibid.
   1 60.	Lippman,
   1 61.	Chair
   1 62%	of
   1 62.	Grossman,
   1 63.	Ferran,
   1 86	million
   1 100	million
   1 100,000,	And
   1 118-122.	↩
   1 170,000	people.^31
   1 260	influencers
   1 301-321.	;
   1 352-365.	↩
   1 413-420.	;
   1 500,000	members,
   1 553-567.	;
   1 895-913.	↩
   1 900,000.^30	Coordinated
   1 2016	election,
   1 2016	from
   1 2016,	some
   1 2017.^38	The
   1 2017.^63	In
   1 2018	Election.
   1 2019.	CHEQ
   1 2019.	Forbes.
   1 2019.	Retrieved
   1 2020	Election
   1 2020	Feedback
   1 2020	Is
   1 2020	Will
   1 2020	and
   1 2020	election
   1 2020	election,
   1 2020	have
   1 2020	is
   1 2020	rates
   1 2020	“the
   1 2020,	46%
   1 2020,	Sarah
   1 2020,	countless
   1 2020,	not
   1 2020.	So,
   1 2020.	Statista.
   1 2020?	Retrieved
   1 2021	Center
   1 2504	B
   1 78712-1879	©
   1 81320_compressed.pdf.	↩
   1 1008917/	↩
   1 11569251450.	;
   1 2056305118819241.	↩
   1 2056305119879671	↩
   1 INFLUENCER	“AWAKENING”
   1 Inflation	and
   1 Influence	Operations
   1 Influencer	Campaign
   1 Influencer	Media
   1 Influencer	Media.
   1 Influencer	campaigns
   1 Influencer	culture
   1 Influencers	After
   1 Influencers	Being
   1 Influencers	Could
   1 Influencers	Is
   1 Influencers	The
   1 Influencers	and
   1 Influencers	differ
   1 Influencers	on
   1 Influencers	pose
   1 Influencers.	International
   1 Information	for
   1 inflating	a
   1 influence	campaigns
   1 influence	conversations
   1 influence	on
   1 influence	operation
   1 influence	operations
   1 influence	or
   1 influence,	especially
   1 influence.	First,
   1 influencer	I
   1 influencer	behavior
   1 influencer	branding
   1 influencer	campaign;
   1 influencer	content
   1 influencer	culture
   1 influencer	disclosure
   1 influencer	discourse
   1 influencer	efforts
   1 influencer	engagement
   1 influencer	groups
   1 influencer	guests
   1 influencer	marketing,
   1 influencer	marketing:
   1 influencer	marking
   1 influencer	networks,
   1 influencer	operations
   1 influencer	postings:
   1 influencer	posts
   1 influencer	status
   1 influencer	suddenly
   1 influencer	to
   1 influencer	was
   1 influencer	whose
   1 influencer	who’s
   1 influencer	“engagement
   1 influencer:	individuals
   1 influencers	amounts
   1 influencers	as
   1 influencers	based
   1 influencers	by
   1 influencers	can
   1 influencers	could
   1 influencers	don’t
   1 influencers	for
   1 influencers	gain
   1 influencers	has
   1 influencers	in
   1 influencers	must
   1 influencers	need
   1 influencers	operate
   1 influencers	overlook
   1 influencers	paid
   1 influencers	shied
   1 influencers	themselves.
   1 influencers	utilise
   1 influencers	view
   1 influencers	whose
   1 influencers	with
   1 influencers,	YouTube
   1 influencers,	and
   1 influencers,	as
   1 influencers,	based
   1 influencers,	both
   1 influencers,	but
   1 influencers,	described
   1 influencers,	far
   1 influencers,	from
   1 influencers,	including
   1 influencers,	manages
   1 influencers,	organized
   1 influencers,	partisan
   1 influencers,	pods
   1 influencers,	tell
   1 influencers,	you
   1 influencers,^12	and
   1 influencers.	One
   1 influencers.	Social
   1 influencers.	Then,
   1 influencers.^8	The
   1 influencers:	“We
   1 influencers:	“When
   1 influencers’	captive
   1 influencers’	endorsement
   1 influencers’	personal
   1 influencers’	relationships
   1 influencers—especially	nano-influencers
   1 influencer’s	audience,
   1 influences	to
   1 influx	of
   1 informally	through
   1 information	about
   1 information	and
   1 information	operations—elite-dictated
   1 informational	quality.