Fichier de travail (INPUT) : ./DUMP-TEXT/utf8_2-16.txt
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Forme recherchée : socialmovements|industrialactions|socialmovement|industrialaction|mouvementsocial|mouvementssociaux|社會運動|社会运动
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Ligne n°1 : ... Definition- Ligne n°2 : A socialmovement consists of a number of people organized and coordinated to achieve some task or a collection of goals, often the participants are interested in bringing about social change. Compared to other forms of collective behavior, movements have a high degree of organization and are of longer duration.
Ligne n°3 : Historic Roots ...
Ligne n°3 : ... Historic Roots- Ligne n°4 : Throughout the history of the United States, socialmovements have been a staple in the maturation of the country. Prior to the industrial revolution and development of the modern nation-state, insurgents organized within a small geographic area and pressed for change using idiosyncratic tactics. However, a number of broad social changes transformed the way people pursue collective action. From middle class white women's desire to be included in the American political process in the nineteenth century came the Women's Suffrage movement. The insurgence of a generation of African Americans who felt they had inalienable rights that deserved to be acknowledged by their government led to the 1960s Civil Rights movement.
Ligne n°5 : As early as the American Revolution the sophisticated mobilization of the American people displayed the characteristics of a modern socialmovement. For instance, Philadelphia women proposed to create a national women's organizational movement to raise money for the troops and renounced the use of British tea and fabric. The women helped to ignite one of the earliest nonprofit organizations in the history of the nation, the Daughters of Liberty (which continues today). Women organized mass spinning bees for wartime clothing, conducted national boycotts and some women even disguised themselves as men and fought in the army (Evans 1989, 49). ...
Ligne n°4 : ... Throughout the history of the United States, socialmovements have been a staple in the maturation of the country. Prior to the industrial revolution and development of the modern nation-state, insurgents organized within a small geographic area and pressed for change using idiosyncratic tactics. However, a number of broad social changes transformed the way people pursue collective action. From middle class white women's desire to be included in the American political process in the nineteenth century came the Women's Suffrage movement. The insurgence of a generation of African Americans who felt they had inalienable rights that deserved to be acknowledged by their government led to the 1960s Civil Rights movement.- Ligne n°5 : As early as the American Revolution the sophisticated mobilization of the American people displayed the characteristics of a modern socialmovement. For instance, Philadelphia women proposed to create a national women's organizational movement to raise money for the troops and renounced the use of British tea and fabric. The women helped to ignite one of the earliest nonprofit organizations in the history of the nation, the Daughters of Liberty (which continues today). Women organized mass spinning bees for wartime clothing, conducted national boycotts and some women even disguised themselves as men and fought in the army (Evans 1989, 49).
Ligne n°6 : Importance ...
Ligne n°6 : ... Importance- Ligne n°7 : A socialmovement is a continuous phenomenon that thrives on the ability of the progressive community to capitalize on political opportunities and translate such opportunities into social change, according to sociologist Doug McAdam's political process model. For example, the Settlement House movement in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century served as an aspect of a larger Anti-poverty movement. The settlement houses focused on various social services, such as unemployment, childcare, and city sanitary regulations (Boyer et al. 1998, 424). The federal government has adopted some portions of the settlement house movement's agenda as public works, while many of the poverty related issues that Jane Addams and her peers fought still exist and are being battled by current nonprofit agencies.
Ligne n°8 : Ties to the Philanthropic Sector ...
Ligne n°8 : ... Ties to the Philanthropic Sector- Ligne n°9 : Philanthropic acts of financial giving, voluntary action, and association between individuals have been the basis for the socialmovements throughout history. Countless examples exist of African American and white people who placed themselves in harm's way, gave food and shelter to others, and spent considerable time devoted to the cause during the abolition and Civil Rights movements. Their cumulative effect on society was the abolition of slavery and voting and equal rights and opportunities for African Americans. The idea of public schooling and education for all citizens (including the poor, women, and minorities) grew from the devotion of a number of pioneers who formed schools in their homes, or in secret, in order to teach the marginalized. The early years of the Women's Rights movement was fueled by women who gave their time and financial resources to march, to advocate, and to raise public awareness for equal rights in society; often the struggle pitted them against other women and their own families.
Ligne n°10 : Key Related Ideas ...
Ligne n°10 : ... Key Related Ideas- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
- Ligne n°11 : Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.
Ligne n°12 : The third model is Doug McAdam's political process model of the American Civil Rights movement and addresses the political and the sociological factors that neither the classical nor resource mobilization models focus on. The political process model is based on the assumption that political members reflect an abiding "conservatism" in order to substantiate political power. This conservatism encourages political members to "resist changes that would threaten their current realization of their interests even more than they seek changes which would enhance their interests" (Ibid., 38). Unlike the classical model, the political process model relies on the notion that a socialmovement is a continuous phenomenon that thrives on the interplay of four factors: ...
Ligne n°11 : ...Studies of socialmovements have taken various forms offering many explanations for the genesis and eventual decline of American movements. The definition of socialmovement that was utilized for this project was based in part on three socialmovement models. First, there is the classical model of socialmovements, which argues that social change is the result of a systematic "strain" on the social infrastructure of the political system. Hence, the commotion associated with the "strain" is transformed into feelings of anxiety, frustration, and hostility that lead to the emergence of a socialmovement (McAdam 1982, 9). Secondly, the resource mobilization model argues that socialmovements are the result of the quantity of "social resources" that are accessible to "unorganized but aggrieved groups, thus making it possible to launch an organized demand for change" (Ibid., 211). Although both models offer valid points about the cause of social movements neither one offers a complete analysis of the American socialmovement.- Ligne n°12 : The third model is Doug McAdam's political process model of the American Civil Rights movement and addresses the political and the sociological factors that neither the classical nor resource mobilization models focus on. The political process model is based on the assumption that political members reflect an abiding "conservatism" in order to substantiate political power. This conservatism encourages political members to "resist changes that would threaten their current realization of their interests even more than they seek changes which would enhance their interests" (Ibid., 38). Unlike the classical model, the political process model relies on the notion that a socialmovement is a continuous phenomenon that thrives on the interplay of four factors:
Ligne n°13 : Emergence of broad socioeconomic processes that expand the capacity for more political opportunities over an extended period of time. ...
Ligne n°16 : ... Ability to win the support of external groups in order to broaden the opposition against the conservative political structure. (Ibid., 40)- Ligne n°17 : Social movements have accompanied every generation of American society. While few have been mentioned, there have been many socialmovements based on political or religious convictions that sprung the desire to fight discrimination; and many economic tensions existed while philanthropy often served as the medium that helped to initiate social change. For instance, the Abolition movement, the Suffrage movement and the Civil Rights movement are clear examples of how socially conscientious philanthropists were able to make America a better place when the vast majority were reluctant to change.
Ligne n°18 : Important People Related to the Topic ...
Ligne n°30 : ...Nonprofit Organizations: America's Invisible Sector Web site is maintained by Lester M. Salamon, distinguished scholar in the non-profit sector (at http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/0198/ijde/salamon.htm).- Ligne n°31 : The Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1775-2000 Web site, at https://womhist.binghamton.edu/, is designed for teachers, to help them explore topics related to women's history and socialmovements in the United States; the site also provides lesson plans.
Ligne n°32 : Bibliography and Internet Sources ...