about the hundreds of English translations he collected from friends,
   translation really does. What does a literal translation of a poem even
   mean? Hofstadter begins his book with two of his own translations of
   translating it. At the time, he thought of the translation as a simple
   translations from friends and colleagues, intrigued by each new
   Some translations focus on preserving the rhyme scheme, rhythm, or
   Hofstadter discusses cultural translation, the idea of not just
   Hofstadter is translating, be Douglas? Does an “accurate” translation
   attempting to solve the puzzle of translation, he merely creates a
   poetry, the puzzle of it all. Each translation sketches a different
   possible solution, as if a perfect translation were available would we
   translation challenge to computers as well. He was disappointed in the
   results, but intrigued by what machine translation missed. Like so much
   technology, the advent of machine translation in the U.S. has its
   founders of machine translation, suggested in 1955 that we frame
   translation as a cryptography problem: “When I look at an article in
   But machine translation struggled in its early days. In 1960 the
   automatic high quality translation” was an impossible dream. He liked
   translation machines can correctly translate Bar-Hillel’s problematic
   learning, a catch-all name for many different algorithms. Translation
   machine translation, the input numbers represent words in the original
   analyzing its translation of French, German, and Chinese texts into
   the most likely translation of a new sentence?
   translation are modest. Most commercial machine translation is for
   Weaver didn’t claim that machine translation would ever achieve
   machine translation, a researcher tells the reporter, “We’re great if
   some translations are unlikely or misleading; there may be many correct
   translation it feels incredibly natural to interpret the choices the
   None of the translations of “Ma Mignonne” in Hofstadter’s book were
   entirely satisfactory; no translation perfectly teleports the work into
   intact. Instead, each translation poses its own questions about the
   original. The results of machine translation ask these questions too.
   Machine translation highlights a collaboration between the human mind
     * Translation