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Ligne n°8 : ... Jump to navigation Jump to search
• Ligne n°9 : For other uses, see Dream (disambiguation).


• Ligne n°11 : The Knight's Dream, 1655, by Antonio de Pereda


• Ligne n°13 : A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that
Ligne n°14 : usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of ...

Ligne n°14 : ... usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of
• Ligne n°15 : sleep.^[1] The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood,
Ligne n°16 : although they have been a topic of scientific, philosophical and ...

Ligne n°16 : ... although they have been a topic of scientific, philosophical and
• Ligne n°17 : religious interest throughout recorded history. Dream interpretation is
Ligne n°18 : the attempt at drawing meaning from dreams and searching for an ...

Ligne n°17 : ... religious interest throughout recorded history. Dream interpretation is
• Ligne n°18 : the attempt at drawing meaning from dreams and searching for an
Ligne n°19 : underlying message. The scientific study of dreams is called ...

Ligne n°18 : ... the attempt at drawing meaning from dreams and searching for an
• Ligne n°19 : underlying message. The scientific study of dreams is called
Ligne n°20 : oneirology.^[2] ...


• Ligne n°22 : Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of
Ligne n°23 : sleep--when brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. ...

Ligne n°24 : ... REM sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep.
• Ligne n°25 : At times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these
Ligne n°26 : dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.^[3] The length of a ...

Ligne n°25 : ... At times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these
• Ligne n°26 : dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.^[3] The length of a
Ligne n°27 : dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20-30 ...

Ligne n°26 : ... dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.^[3] The length of a
• Ligne n°27 : dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20-30
Ligne n°28 : minutes.^[3] People are more likely to remember the dream if they are ...

Ligne n°27 : ... dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20-30
• Ligne n°28 : minutes.^[3] People are more likely to remember the dream if they are
Ligne n°29 : awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five ...

Ligne n°29 : ... awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five
• Ligne n°30 : dreams per night, and some may have up to seven;^[4] however, most
Ligne n°31 : dreams are immediately or quickly forgotten.^[5] Dreams tend to last ...

Ligne n°30 : ... dreams per night, and some may have up to seven;^[4] however, most
• Ligne n°31 : dreams are immediately or quickly forgotten.^[5] Dreams tend to last


• Ligne n°31 : dreams are immediately or quickly forgotten.^[5] Dreams tend to last
Ligne n°32 : longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep, ...

Ligne n°32 : ... longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep,
• Ligne n°33 : most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.^[6] Dreams related


• Ligne n°33 : most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.^[6] Dreams related
Ligne n°34 : to waking-life experiences are associated with REM theta activity, ...


• Ligne n°38 : Opinions about the meaning of dreams have varied and shifted through
Ligne n°39 : time and culture. Many endorse the Freudian theory of dreams - that ...

Ligne n°38 : ... Opinions about the meaning of dreams have varied and shifted through
• Ligne n°39 : time and culture. Many endorse the Freudian theory of dreams - that
Ligne n°40 : dreams reveal insight into hidden desires and emotions. Other prominent ...

Ligne n°39 : ... time and culture. Many endorse the Freudian theory of dreams - that
• Ligne n°40 : dreams reveal insight into hidden desires and emotions. Other prominent
Ligne n°41 : theories include those suggesting that dreams assist in memory ...

Ligne n°40 : ... dreams reveal insight into hidden desires and emotions. Other prominent
• Ligne n°41 : theories include those suggesting that dreams assist in memory
Ligne n°42 : formation, problem solving, or simply are a product of random brain ...

Ligne n°45 : ... Sigmund Freud, who developed the psychological discipline of
• Ligne n°46 : psychoanalysis, wrote extensively about dream theories and their
Ligne n°47 : interpretations in the early 1900s.^[9] He explained dreams as ...

Ligne n°46 : ... psychoanalysis, wrote extensively about dream theories and their
• Ligne n°47 : interpretations in the early 1900s.^[9] He explained dreams as
Ligne n°48 : manifestations of one's deepest desires and anxieties, often relating ...

Ligne n°49 : ... to repressed childhood memories or obsessions. Furthermore, he believed
• Ligne n°50 : that virtually every dream topic, regardless of its content,
Ligne n°51 : represented the release of sexual tension.^[10] In The Interpretation ...

Ligne n°51 : ... represented the release of sexual tension.^[10] In The Interpretation
• Ligne n°52 : of Dreams (1899), Freud developed a psychological technique to
Ligne n°53 : interpret dreams and devised a series of guidelines to understand the ...

Ligne n°52 : ... of Dreams (1899), Freud developed a psychological technique to
• Ligne n°53 : interpret dreams and devised a series of guidelines to understand the
Ligne n°54 : symbols and motifs that appear in our dreams. In modern times, dreams ...

Ligne n°53 : ... interpret dreams and devised a series of guidelines to understand the
• Ligne n°54 : symbols and motifs that appear in our dreams. In modern times, dreams


• Ligne n°54 : symbols and motifs that appear in our dreams. In modern times, dreams
Ligne n°55 : have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from ...

Ligne n°55 : ... have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from
• Ligne n°56 : normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have
Ligne n°57 : varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical, ...

Ligne n°57 : ... varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical,
• Ligne n°58 : melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally
Ligne n°59 : outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid ...

Ligne n°58 : ... melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally
• Ligne n°59 : outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid
Ligne n°60 : dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.^[11] Dreams can at times ...

Ligne n°59 : ... outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid
• Ligne n°60 : dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.^[11] Dreams can at times


• Ligne n°60 : dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.^[11] Dreams can at times


• Ligne n°60 : dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware.^[11] Dreams can at times
Ligne n°61 : make a creative thought occur to the person or give a sense of ...

Ligne n°73 : ... o 1.3.3 In Buddhism
• Ligne n°74 : + 1.4 Dreams and philosophical realism
Ligne n°75 : + 1.5 Postclassical and medieval history ...

Ligne n°107 : ... + 9.2 Apparent precognition of real events
• Ligne n°108 : + 9.3 Lucid dreaming
Ligne n°109 : o 9.3.1 Communication through lucid dreaming ...

Ligne n°108 : ... + 9.3 Lucid dreaming
• Ligne n°109 : o 9.3.1 Communication through lucid dreaming
Ligne n°110 : + 9.4 Absent-minded transgression ...


• Ligne n°125 : Main article: Dream interpretation


• Ligne n°129 : The Dreaming is a common term within the animist creation narrative of
Ligne n°130 : indigenous Australians for a personal, or group, creation and for what ...


• Ligne n°134 : The ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia have left evidence of dream
Ligne n°135 : interpretation dating back to at least 3100 BC.^[14]^[15] Throughout ...

Ligne n°135 : ... interpretation dating back to at least 3100 BC.^[14]^[15] Throughout
• Ligne n°136 : Mesopotamian history, dreams were always held to be extremely important
Ligne n°137 : for divination^[15]^[16] and Mesopotamian kings paid close attention to ...

Ligne n°139 : ... (reigned c. 2144-2124 BC), rebuilt the temple of Ningirsu as the result
• Ligne n°140 : of a dream in which he was told to do so.^[15] The standard Akkadian
Ligne n°141 : Epic of Gilgamesh contains numerous accounts of the prophetic power of ...

Ligne n°141 : ... Epic of Gilgamesh contains numerous accounts of the prophetic power of
• Ligne n°142 : dreams.^[15] First, Gilgamesh himself has two dreams foretelling the


• Ligne n°142 : dreams.^[15] First, Gilgamesh himself has two dreams foretelling the
Ligne n°143 : arrival of Enkidu.^[15] Later, Enkidu dreams about the heroes' ...

Ligne n°142 : ... dreams.^[15] First, Gilgamesh himself has two dreams foretelling the
• Ligne n°143 : arrival of Enkidu.^[15] Later, Enkidu dreams about the heroes'
Ligne n°144 : encounter with the giant Humbaba.^[15] Dreams were also sometimes seen ...

Ligne n°143 : ... arrival of Enkidu.^[15] Later, Enkidu dreams about the heroes'
• Ligne n°144 : encounter with the giant Humbaba.^[15] Dreams were also sometimes seen
Ligne n°145 : as a means of seeing into other worlds^[15] and it was thought that the ...

Ligne n°146 : ... soul, or some part of it, moved out of the body of the sleeping person
• Ligne n°147 : and actually visited the places and persons the dreamer saw in his or
Ligne n°148 : her sleep.^[17] In Tablet VII of the epic, Enkidu recounts to Gilgamesh ...

Ligne n°148 : ... her sleep.^[17] In Tablet VII of the epic, Enkidu recounts to Gilgamesh
• Ligne n°149 : a dream in which he saw the gods Anu, Enlil, and Shamash condemn him to
Ligne n°150 : death.^[15] He also has a dream in which he visits the Underworld.^[15] ...

Ligne n°149 : ... a dream in which he saw the gods Anu, Enlil, and Shamash condemn him to
• Ligne n°150 : death.^[15] He also has a dream in which he visits the Underworld.^[15]

Ligne n°152 : ... The Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II (reigned 883-859 BC) built a temple
• Ligne n°153 : to Mamu, possibly the god of dreams, at Imgur-Enlil, near Kalhu.^[15]
Ligne n°154 : The later Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (reigned 668-c. 627 BC) had a ...

Ligne n°154 : ... The later Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (reigned 668-c. 627 BC) had a
• Ligne n°155 : dream during a desperate military situation in which his divine patron,
Ligne n°156 : the goddess Ishtar, appeared to him and promised that she would lead ...

Ligne n°156 : ... the goddess Ishtar, appeared to him and promised that she would lead
• Ligne n°157 : him to victory.^[15] The Babylonians and Assyrians divided dreams into
Ligne n°158 : "good," which were sent by the gods, and "bad," sent by demons.^[16] A ...

Ligne n°158 : ... "good," which were sent by the gods, and "bad," sent by demons.^[16] A
• Ligne n°159 : surviving collection of dream omens entitled Iskar Zaqiqu records
Ligne n°160 : various dream scenarios as well as prognostications of what will happen ...

Ligne n°159 : ... surviving collection of dream omens entitled Iskar Zaqiqu records
• Ligne n°160 : various dream scenarios as well as prognostications of what will happen
Ligne n°161 : to the person who experiences each dream, apparently based on previous ...

Ligne n°160 : ... various dream scenarios as well as prognostications of what will happen
• Ligne n°161 : to the person who experiences each dream, apparently based on previous
Ligne n°162 : cases.^[15]^[18] Some list different possible outcomes, based on ...

Ligne n°162 : ... cases.^[15]^[18] Some list different possible outcomes, based on
• Ligne n°163 : occasions in which people experienced similar dreams with different
Ligne n°164 : results.^[15] Dream scenarios mentioned include a variety of daily work ...

Ligne n°163 : ... occasions in which people experienced similar dreams with different
• Ligne n°164 : results.^[15] Dream scenarios mentioned include a variety of daily work
Ligne n°165 : events, journeys to different locations, family matters, sex acts, and ...

Ligne n°168 : ... In ancient Egypt, as far back as 2000 BC, the Egyptians wrote down
• Ligne n°169 : their dreams on papyrus. People with vivid and significant dreams were


• Ligne n°169 : their dreams on papyrus. People with vivid and significant dreams were
Ligne n°170 : thought blessed and were considered special.^[19] Ancient Egyptians ...

Ligne n°170 : ... thought blessed and were considered special.^[19] Ancient Egyptians
• Ligne n°171 : believed that dreams were like oracles, bringing messages from the
Ligne n°172 : gods. They thought that the best way to receive divine revelation was ...

Ligne n°172 : ... gods. They thought that the best way to receive divine revelation was
• Ligne n°173 : through dreaming and thus they would induce (or "incubate") dreams.


• Ligne n°173 : through dreaming and thus they would induce (or "incubate") dreams.
Ligne n°174 : Egyptians would go to sanctuaries and sleep on special "dream beds" in ...


• Ligne n°179 : Dreaming of the Tiger Spring (\xA2)

Ligne n°181 : ... In Chinese history, people wrote of two vital aspects of the soul of
• Ligne n°182 : which one is freed from the body during slumber to journey in a dream
Ligne n°183 : realm, while the other remained in the body,^[21] although this belief ...

Ligne n°183 : ... realm, while the other remained in the body,^[21] although this belief
• Ligne n°184 : and dream interpretation had been questioned since early times, such as
Ligne n°185 : by the philosopher Wang Chong (27-97 AD).^[21] The Indian text ...

Ligne n°186 : ... Upanishads, written between 900 and 500 BC, emphasize two meanings of
• Ligne n°187 : dreams. The first says that dreams are merely expressions of inner


• Ligne n°187 : dreams. The first says that dreams are merely expressions of inner
Ligne n°188 : desires. The second is the belief of the soul leaving the body and ...

Ligne n°191 : ... The Greeks shared their beliefs with the Egyptians on how to interpret
• Ligne n°192 : good and bad dreams, and the idea of incubating dreams. Morpheus, the


• Ligne n°192 : good and bad dreams, and the idea of incubating dreams. Morpheus, the
Ligne n°193 : Greek god of dreams, also sent warnings and prophecies to those who ...

Ligne n°192 : ... good and bad dreams, and the idea of incubating dreams. Morpheus, the
• Ligne n°193 : Greek god of dreams, also sent warnings and prophecies to those who
Ligne n°194 : slept at shrines and temples. The earliest Greek beliefs about dreams ...

Ligne n°193 : ... Greek god of dreams, also sent warnings and prophecies to those who
• Ligne n°194 : slept at shrines and temples. The earliest Greek beliefs about dreams
Ligne n°195 : were that their gods physically visited the dreamers, where they ...

Ligne n°194 : ... slept at shrines and temples. The earliest Greek beliefs about dreams
• Ligne n°195 : were that their gods physically visited the dreamers, where they
Ligne n°196 : entered through a keyhole, exiting the same way after the divine ...


• Ligne n°199 : Antiphon wrote the first known Greek book on dreams in the 5th century
Ligne n°200 : BC. In that century, other cultures influenced Greeks to develop the ...

Ligne n°201 : ... belief that souls left the sleeping body.^[22] Hippocrates (469-399 BC)
• Ligne n°202 : had a simple dream theory: during the day, the soul receives images;
Ligne n°203 : during the night, it produces images. Greek philosopher Aristotle ...

Ligne n°203 : ... during the night, it produces images. Greek philosopher Aristotle
• Ligne n°204 : (384-322 BC) believed dreams caused physiological activity. He thought
Ligne n°205 : dreams could analyze illness and predict diseases. Marcus Tullius ...

Ligne n°204 : ... (384-322 BC) believed dreams caused physiological activity. He thought
• Ligne n°205 : dreams could analyze illness and predict diseases. Marcus Tullius
Ligne n°206 : Cicero, for his part, believed that all dreams are produced by thoughts ...

Ligne n°205 : ... dreams could analyze illness and predict diseases. Marcus Tullius
• Ligne n°206 : Cicero, for his part, believed that all dreams are produced by thoughts
Ligne n°207 : and conversations a dreamer had during the preceding days.^[23] ...

Ligne n°206 : ... Cicero, for his part, believed that all dreams are produced by thoughts
• Ligne n°207 : and conversations a dreamer had during the preceding days.^[23]
Ligne n°208 : Cicero's Somnium Scipionis described a lengthy dream vision, which in ...

Ligne n°207 : ... and conversations a dreamer had during the preceding days.^[23]
• Ligne n°208 : Cicero's Somnium Scipionis described a lengthy dream vision, which in
Ligne n°209 : turn was commented on by Macrobius in his Commentarii in Somnium ...

Ligne n°212 : ... Herodotus in his The Histories, writes "The visions that occur to us in
• Ligne n°213 : dreams are, more often than not, the things we have been concerned
Ligne n°214 : about during the day."^[24] ...

Ligne n°214 : ... about during the day."^[24]
• Ligne n°215 : Beginning of "The Dream of Macsen Wledig" from the White Book of
Ligne n°216 : Rhydderch, f.45.r ...


• Ligne n°218 : In Welsh history, The Dream of Rhonabwy (Welsh: Breuddwyd Rhonabwy) is
Ligne n°219 : a Middle Welsh prose tale. Set during the reign of Madog ap Maredudd, ...

Ligne n°223 : ... Lady Charlotte Guest in the 19th century. The bulk of the narrative
• Ligne n°224 : describes a dream vision experienced by its central character,
Ligne n°225 : Rhonabwy, a retainer of Madog, in which he visits the time of King ...


• Ligne n°228 : Also in Welsh history, the tale 'The Dream of Macsen Wledig' is a
Ligne n°229 : romanticised story about the Roman emperor Magnus Maximus, called ...


• Ligne n°239 : Jacob's dream of a ladder of angels, c. 1690, by Michael Willmann


• Ligne n°241 : In Judaism, dreams are considered part of the experience of the world
Ligne n°242 : that can be interpreted and from which lessons can be garnered. It is ...


• Ligne n°245 : The ancient Hebrews connected their dreams heavily with their religion,
Ligne n°246 : though the Hebrews were monotheistic and believed that dreams were the ...

Ligne n°245 : ... The ancient Hebrews connected their dreams heavily with their religion,
• Ligne n°246 : though the Hebrews were monotheistic and believed that dreams were the
Ligne n°247 : voice of one God alone. Hebrews also differentiated between good dreams ...

Ligne n°246 : ... though the Hebrews were monotheistic and believed that dreams were the
• Ligne n°247 : voice of one God alone. Hebrews also differentiated between good dreams
Ligne n°248 : (from God) and bad dreams (from evil spirits). The Hebrews, like many ...

Ligne n°247 : ... voice of one God alone. Hebrews also differentiated between good dreams
• Ligne n°248 : (from God) and bad dreams (from evil spirits). The Hebrews, like many
Ligne n°249 : other ancient cultures, incubated dreams in order to receive divine ...

Ligne n°248 : ... (from God) and bad dreams (from evil spirits). The Hebrews, like many
• Ligne n°249 : other ancient cultures, incubated dreams in order to receive divine
Ligne n°250 : revelation. For example, the Hebrew prophet Samuel would "lie down and ...

Ligne n°251 : ... sleep in the temple at Shiloh before the Ark and receive the word of
• Ligne n°252 : the Lord." Most of the dreams in the Bible are in the Book of
Ligne n°253 : Genesis.^[27] ...

Ligne n°255 : ... Christians mostly shared the beliefs of the Hebrews and thought that
• Ligne n°256 : dreams were of a supernatural character because the Old Testament
Ligne n°257 : includes frequent stories of dreams with divine inspiration. The most ...

Ligne n°256 : ... dreams were of a supernatural character because the Old Testament
• Ligne n°257 : includes frequent stories of dreams with divine inspiration. The most
Ligne n°258 : famous of these dream stories was Jacob's dream of a ladder that ...

Ligne n°257 : ... includes frequent stories of dreams with divine inspiration. The most
• Ligne n°258 : famous of these dream stories was Jacob's dream of a ladder that


• Ligne n°258 : famous of these dream stories was Jacob's dream of a ladder that
Ligne n°259 : stretches from Earth to Heaven. Many Christians preach that God can ...

Ligne n°259 : ... stretches from Earth to Heaven. Many Christians preach that God can
• Ligne n°260 : speak to people through their dreams.


• Ligne n°262 : Iain R. Edgar has researched the role of dreams in Islam.^[28] He has
Ligne n°263 : argued that dreams play an important role in the history of Islam and ...

Ligne n°262 : ... Iain R. Edgar has researched the role of dreams in Islam.^[28] He has
• Ligne n°263 : argued that dreams play an important role in the history of Islam and
Ligne n°264 : the lives of Muslims, since dream interpretation is the only way that ...

Ligne n°263 : ... argued that dreams play an important role in the history of Islam and
• Ligne n°264 : the lives of Muslims, since dream interpretation is the only way that
Ligne n°265 : Muslims can receive revelations from God since the death of the last ...

Ligne n°270 : ... In the Mandukya Upanishad, part of the Veda scriptures of Indian
• Ligne n°271 : Hinduism, a dream is one of three states that the soul experiences
Ligne n°272 : during its lifetime, the other two states being the waking state and ...


• Ligne n°277 : In Buddhism, ideas about dreams are similar to the classical and folk
Ligne n°278 : traditions in South Asia. The same dream is sometimes experienced by ...

Ligne n°277 : ... In Buddhism, ideas about dreams are similar to the classical and folk
• Ligne n°278 : traditions in South Asia. The same dream is sometimes experienced by
Ligne n°279 : multiple people, as in the case of the Buddha-to-be leaving his home. ...

Ligne n°280 : ... It is described in the Mahavastu that several of the Buddha's relatives
• Ligne n°281 : had premonition-like dreams preceding this. Some dreams are also seen


• Ligne n°281 : had premonition-like dreams preceding this. Some dreams are also seen
Ligne n°282 : to transcend time: the Buddha-to-be has certain dreams that are the ...

Ligne n°281 : ... had premonition-like dreams preceding this. Some dreams are also seen
• Ligne n°282 : to transcend time: the Buddha-to-be has certain dreams that are the
Ligne n°283 : same as those of previous Buddhas, the Lalitavistara states. In ...

Ligne n°283 : ... same as those of previous Buddhas, the Lalitavistara states. In
• Ligne n°284 : Buddhist literature, dreams often function as a "signpost" motif to
Ligne n°285 : mark certain stages in the life of the main character.^[31] ...


• Ligne n°287 : Buddhist views about dreams are expressed in the Pali Commentaries and
Ligne n°288 : the Milinda Pa\xF1ha.^[31] ...


• Ligne n°292 : Main article: Dream argument
Ligne n°293 : A Dream of a Girl Before a Sunrise by Karl Bryullov (1830-1833) ...

Ligne n°292 : ... Main article: Dream argument
• Ligne n°293 : A Dream of a Girl Before a Sunrise by Karl Bryullov (1830-1833)

Ligne n°302 : ... Descartes in the 17th century in his Meditations on First Philosophy.
• Ligne n°303 : Stimulus, usually an auditory one, becomes a part of a dream,
Ligne n°304 : eventually then awakening the dreamer. ...

Ligne n°303 : ... Stimulus, usually an auditory one, becomes a part of a dream,
• Ligne n°304 : eventually then awakening the dreamer.

Ligne n°308 : ... Some Indigenous American tribes and Mexican civilizations believe that
• Ligne n°309 : dreams are a way of visiting and having contact with their
Ligne n°310 : ancestors.^[33] Some Native American tribes used vision quests as a ...

Ligne n°310 : ... ancestors.^[33] Some Native American tribes used vision quests as a
• Ligne n°311 : rite of passage, fasting and praying until an anticipated guiding dream
Ligne n°312 : was received, to be shared with the rest of the tribe upon their ...


• Ligne n°315 : The Middle Ages brought a harsh interpretation of dreams.^[citation
Ligne n°316 : needed] They were seen as evil, and the images as temptations from the ...

Ligne n°318 : ... mind with corrupting and harmful thoughts. Martin Luther, founder of
• Ligne n°319 : Protestantism, believed dreams were the work of the Devil. However,
Ligne n°320 : Catholics such as St. Augustine and St. Jerome claimed that the ...

Ligne n°321 : ... direction of their lives was heavily influenced by their
• Ligne n°322 : dreams.^[citation needed]


• Ligne n°326 : The depiction of dreams in Renaissance and Baroque art is often related
Ligne n°327 : to Biblical narrative. Examples are Joachim's Dream (1304-1306) from ...

Ligne n°326 : ... The depiction of dreams in Renaissance and Baroque art is often related
• Ligne n°327 : to Biblical narrative. Examples are Joachim's Dream (1304-1306) from
Ligne n°328 : the Scrovegni Chapel fresco cycle by Giotto, and Jacob's Dream (1639) ...

Ligne n°327 : ... to Biblical narrative. Examples are Joachim's Dream (1304-1306) from
• Ligne n°328 : the Scrovegni Chapel fresco cycle by Giotto, and Jacob's Dream (1639)
Ligne n°329 : by Jusepe de Ribera. Dreams and dark imaginings are the theme of ...

Ligne n°328 : ... the Scrovegni Chapel fresco cycle by Giotto, and Jacob's Dream (1639)
• Ligne n°329 : by Jusepe de Ribera. Dreams and dark imaginings are the theme of
Ligne n°330 : several notable works of the Romantic era, such as Goya's etching The ...

Ligne n°331 : ... Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters (c. 1799) and Henry Fuseli's painting
• Ligne n°332 : The Nightmare (1781). Salvador Dal\xED's Dream Caused by the Flight of a
Ligne n°333 : Bee around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening (1944) also ...

Ligne n°335 : ... tigers leaping out of a pomegranate, and a spider-like elephant walking
• Ligne n°336 : in the background. Henri Rousseau's last painting was The Dream. Le
Ligne n°337 : R\xEAve ("The Dream") is a 1932 painting by Pablo Picasso. ...

Ligne n°336 : ... in the background. Henri Rousseau's last painting was The Dream. Le
• Ligne n°337 : R\xEAve ("The Dream") is a 1932 painting by Pablo Picasso.


• Ligne n°341 : Further information: Dream world (plot device)


• Ligne n°343 : Dream frames were frequently used in medieval allegory to justify the
Ligne n°344 : narrative; The Book of the Duchess^[36] and The Vision Concerning Piers ...

Ligne n°344 : ... narrative; The Book of the Duchess^[36] and The Vision Concerning Piers
• Ligne n°345 : Plowman^[37] are two such dream visions. Even before them, in
Ligne n°346 : antiquity, the same device had been used by Cicero and Lucian of ...

Ligne n°350 : ... They have also featured in fantasy and speculative fiction since the
• Ligne n°351 : 19th century. One of the best-known dream worlds is Wonderland from
Ligne n°352 : Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, as well as ...

Ligne n°353 : ... Looking-Glass Land from its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass. Unlike
• Ligne n°354 : many dream worlds, Carroll's logic is like that of actual dreams, with


• Ligne n°354 : many dream worlds, Carroll's logic is like that of actual dreams, with
Ligne n°355 : transitions and flexible causality. ...


• Ligne n°357 : Other fictional dream worlds include the Dreamlands of H. P.


• Ligne n°357 : Other fictional dream worlds include the Dreamlands of H. P.
Ligne n°358 : Lovecraft's Dream Cycle^[38] and The Neverending Story's^[39] world of ...

Ligne n°357 : ... Other fictional dream worlds include the Dreamlands of H. P.
• Ligne n°358 : Lovecraft's Dream Cycle^[38] and The Neverending Story's^[39] world of
Ligne n°359 : Fantasia, which includes places like the Desert of Lost Dreams, the Sea ...

Ligne n°358 : ... Lovecraft's Dream Cycle^[38] and The Neverending Story's^[39] world of
• Ligne n°359 : Fantasia, which includes places like the Desert of Lost Dreams, the Sea
Ligne n°360 : of Possibilities and the Swamps of Sadness. Dreamworlds, shared ...

Ligne n°359 : ... Fantasia, which includes places like the Desert of Lost Dreams, the Sea
• Ligne n°360 : of Possibilities and the Swamps of Sadness. Dreamworlds, shared
Ligne n°361 : hallucinations and other alternate realities feature in a number of ...


• Ligne n°368 : An artist's illustration of Saint Joseph dreaming.
Ligne n°369 : Self-portrait of a Dreamer ...

Ligne n°368 : ... An artist's illustration of Saint Joseph dreaming.
• Ligne n°369 : Self-portrait of a Dreamer


• Ligne n°371 : Modern popular culture often conceives of dreams, like Freud, as
Ligne n°372 : expressions of the dreamer's deepest fears and desires.^[40] The film ...

Ligne n°371 : ... Modern popular culture often conceives of dreams, like Freud, as
• Ligne n°372 : expressions of the dreamer's deepest fears and desires.^[40] The film
Ligne n°373 : version of The Wizard of Oz (1939) depicts a full-color dream that ...

Ligne n°372 : ... expressions of the dreamer's deepest fears and desires.^[40] The film
• Ligne n°373 : version of The Wizard of Oz (1939) depicts a full-color dream that
Ligne n°374 : causes Dorothy to perceive her black-and-white reality and those with ...

Ligne n°375 : ... whom she shares it in a new way. In films such as Spellbound (1945),
• Ligne n°376 : The Manchurian Candidate (1962), Field of Dreams (1989), and Inception
Ligne n°377 : (2010), the protagonists must extract vital clues from surreal ...

Ligne n°377 : ... (2010), the protagonists must extract vital clues from surreal
• Ligne n°378 : dreams.^[41]


• Ligne n°380 : Most dreams in popular culture are, however, not symbolic, but
Ligne n°381 : straightforward and realistic depictions of their dreamer's fears and ...

Ligne n°380 : ... Most dreams in popular culture are, however, not symbolic, but
• Ligne n°381 : straightforward and realistic depictions of their dreamer's fears and
Ligne n°382 : desires.^[41] Dream scenes may be indistinguishable from those set in ...

Ligne n°381 : ... straightforward and realistic depictions of their dreamer's fears and
• Ligne n°382 : desires.^[41] Dream scenes may be indistinguishable from those set in
Ligne n°383 : the dreamer's real world, a narrative device that undermines the ...

Ligne n°382 : ... desires.^[41] Dream scenes may be indistinguishable from those set in
• Ligne n°383 : the dreamer's real world, a narrative device that undermines the
Ligne n°384 : dreamer's and the audience's sense of security^[41] and allows horror ...

Ligne n°383 : ... the dreamer's real world, a narrative device that undermines the
• Ligne n°384 : dreamer's and the audience's sense of security^[41] and allows horror
Ligne n°385 : film protagonists, such as those of Carrie (1976), Friday the 13th ...


• Ligne n°389 : In speculative fiction, the line between dreams and reality may be
Ligne n°390 : blurred even more in the service of the story.^[41] Dreams may be ...

Ligne n°389 : ... In speculative fiction, the line between dreams and reality may be
• Ligne n°390 : blurred even more in the service of the story.^[41] Dreams may be
Ligne n°391 : psychically invaded or manipulated (Dreamscape, 1984; the Nightmare on ...

Ligne n°394 : ... The Lathe of Heaven (1971), the protagonist finds that his "effective"
• Ligne n°395 : dreams can retroactively change reality. Peter Weir's 1977 Australian
Ligne n°396 : film The Last Wave makes a simple and straightforward postulate about ...

Ligne n°396 : ... film The Last Wave makes a simple and straightforward postulate about
• Ligne n°397 : the premonitory nature of dreams (from one of his Aboriginal
Ligne n°398 : characters) that "... dreams are the shadow of something real". In ...

Ligne n°397 : ... the premonitory nature of dreams (from one of his Aboriginal
• Ligne n°398 : characters) that "... dreams are the shadow of something real". In
Ligne n°399 : Kyell Gold's novel Green Fairy from the Dangerous Spirits series, the ...

Ligne n°400 : ... protagonist, Sol, experiences the memories of a dancer who died 100
• Ligne n°401 : years before through Absinthe induced dreams and after each dream


• Ligne n°401 : years before through Absinthe induced dreams and after each dream
Ligne n°402 : something from it materializes into his reality. Such stories play to ...

Ligne n°402 : ... something from it materializes into his reality. Such stories play to
• Ligne n°403 : audiences' experiences with their own dreams, which feel as real to
Ligne n°404 : them.^[41] ...

Ligne n°410 : ... In the late 19th century, psychotherapist Sigmund Freud developed a
• Ligne n°411 : theory that the content of dreams is driven by unconscious wish
Ligne n°412 : fulfillment. Freud called dreams the "royal road to the ...

Ligne n°411 : ... theory that the content of dreams is driven by unconscious wish
• Ligne n°412 : fulfillment. Freud called dreams the "royal road to the
Ligne n°413 : unconscious."^[42] He theorized that the content of dreams reflects the ...

Ligne n°412 : ... fulfillment. Freud called dreams the "royal road to the
• Ligne n°413 : unconscious."^[42] He theorized that the content of dreams reflects the
Ligne n°414 : dreamer's unconscious mind and specifically that dream content is ...

Ligne n°413 : ... unconscious."^[42] He theorized that the content of dreams reflects the
• Ligne n°414 : dreamer's unconscious mind and specifically that dream content is


• Ligne n°414 : dreamer's unconscious mind and specifically that dream content is
Ligne n°415 : shaped by unconscious wish fulfillment. He argued that important ...

Ligne n°416 : ... unconscious desires often relate to early childhood memories and
• Ligne n°417 : experiences. Freud's theory describes dreams as having both manifest
Ligne n°418 : and latent content. Latent content relates to deep unconscious wishes ...


• Ligne n°423 : In his early work, Freud argued that the vast majority of latent dream
Ligne n°424 : content is sexual in nature, but he later moved away from this ...

Ligne n°425 : ... categorical position. In Beyond the Pleasure Principle he considered
• Ligne n°426 : how trauma or aggression could influence dream content. He also
Ligne n°427 : discussed supernatural origins in Dreams and Occultism, a lecture ...

Ligne n°426 : ... how trauma or aggression could influence dream content. He also
• Ligne n°427 : discussed supernatural origins in Dreams and Occultism, a lecture
Ligne n°428 : published in New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis.^[45] ...

Ligne n°432 : ... post-traumatic stress disorder. Modern experimental studies weigh
• Ligne n°433 : against many of Freud's theories regarding dreams. Freud's "dream-work"
Ligne n°434 : interpretation strategies have not been found to have empirical ...

Ligne n°434 : ... interpretation strategies have not been found to have empirical
• Ligne n°435 : validity. His theory that dreams were the "guardians" of sleep,
Ligne n°436 : repressing and disguising bodily urges to ensure sleep continues, seems ...

Ligne n°436 : ... repressing and disguising bodily urges to ensure sleep continues, seems
• Ligne n°437 : unlikely given studies of individuals who can sleep without dreaming.
Ligne n°438 : His assertions that repressed memory in infants re-surface decades ...

Ligne n°438 : ... His assertions that repressed memory in infants re-surface decades
• Ligne n°439 : later in adult dreams conflicts with modern research on memory. Freud's
Ligne n°440 : theory has difficulty explaining why young children have static and ...

Ligne n°440 : ... theory has difficulty explaining why young children have static and
• Ligne n°441 : bland dreams, or why the emotions in most dreams are negative. On the


• Ligne n°441 : bland dreams, or why the emotions in most dreams are negative. On the
Ligne n°442 : plus side, modern researchers agree with Freud that dreams do have ...

Ligne n°441 : ... bland dreams, or why the emotions in most dreams are negative. On the
• Ligne n°442 : plus side, modern researchers agree with Freud that dreams do have
Ligne n°443 : coherence, and that dream content connects to other psychological ...

Ligne n°442 : ... plus side, modern researchers agree with Freud that dreams do have
• Ligne n°443 : coherence, and that dream content connects to other psychological
Ligne n°444 : variables and often connect to recent waking thoughts (though not as ...

Ligne n°445 : ... often as Freud supposed).^[46] Despite the lack of scientific evidence,
• Ligne n°446 : dream interpretation services based on Freudian or other systems remain
Ligne n°447 : popular.^[47] ...

Ligne n°451 : ... Carl Jung rejected many of Freud's theories. Jung expanded on Freud's
• Ligne n°452 : idea that dream content relates to the dreamer's unconscious desires.


• Ligne n°452 : idea that dream content relates to the dreamer's unconscious desires.
Ligne n°453 : He described dreams as messages to the dreamer and argued that dreamers ...

Ligne n°452 : ... idea that dream content relates to the dreamer's unconscious desires.
• Ligne n°453 : He described dreams as messages to the dreamer and argued that dreamers


• Ligne n°453 : He described dreams as messages to the dreamer and argued that dreamers


• Ligne n°453 : He described dreams as messages to the dreamer and argued that dreamers
Ligne n°454 : should pay attention for their own good. He came to believe that dreams ...

Ligne n°453 : ... He described dreams as messages to the dreamer and argued that dreamers
• Ligne n°454 : should pay attention for their own good. He came to believe that dreams
Ligne n°455 : present the dreamer with revelations that can uncover and help to ...

Ligne n°454 : ... should pay attention for their own good. He came to believe that dreams
• Ligne n°455 : present the dreamer with revelations that can uncover and help to
Ligne n°456 : resolve emotional or religious problems and fears.^[48] ...


• Ligne n°458 : Jung wrote that recurring dreams show up repeatedly to demand
Ligne n°459 : attention, suggesting that the dreamer is neglecting an issue related ...

Ligne n°458 : ... Jung wrote that recurring dreams show up repeatedly to demand
• Ligne n°459 : attention, suggesting that the dreamer is neglecting an issue related
Ligne n°460 : to the dream. He called this "compensation." The dream balances the ...

Ligne n°459 : ... attention, suggesting that the dreamer is neglecting an issue related
• Ligne n°460 : to the dream. He called this "compensation." The dream balances the


• Ligne n°460 : to the dream. He called this "compensation." The dream balances the
Ligne n°461 : conscious belief and attitudes with an alternative. Jung did not ...

Ligne n°461 : ... conscious belief and attitudes with an alternative. Jung did not
• Ligne n°462 : believe that the conscious attitude was wrong and that the dream
Ligne n°463 : provided the true belief. He argued that good work with dreams takes ...

Ligne n°462 : ... believe that the conscious attitude was wrong and that the dream
• Ligne n°463 : provided the true belief. He argued that good work with dreams takes
Ligne n°464 : both into account and comes up with a balanced viewpoint. He believed ...

Ligne n°464 : ... both into account and comes up with a balanced viewpoint. He believed
• Ligne n°465 : that many of the symbols or images from these dreams return with each
Ligne n°466 : dream. Jung believed that memories formed throughout the day also play ...

Ligne n°465 : ... that many of the symbols or images from these dreams return with each
• Ligne n°466 : dream. Jung believed that memories formed throughout the day also play
Ligne n°467 : a role in dreaming. These memories leave impressions for the ...

Ligne n°466 : ... dream. Jung believed that memories formed throughout the day also play
• Ligne n°467 : a role in dreaming. These memories leave impressions for the
Ligne n°468 : unconscious to deal with when the ego is at rest. The unconscious mind ...

Ligne n°468 : ... unconscious to deal with when the ego is at rest. The unconscious mind
• Ligne n°469 : re-enacts these glimpses of the past in the form of a dream. Jung
Ligne n°470 : called this a day residue.^[49] Jung also argued that dreaming is not a ...

Ligne n°469 : ... re-enacts these glimpses of the past in the form of a dream. Jung
• Ligne n°470 : called this a day residue.^[49] Jung also argued that dreaming is not a
Ligne n°471 : purely individual concern, that all dreams are part of "one great web ...

Ligne n°470 : ... called this a day residue.^[49] Jung also argued that dreaming is not a
• Ligne n°471 : purely individual concern, that all dreams are part of "one great web
Ligne n°472 : of psychological factors." ...


• Ligne n°476 : Fritz Perls presented his theory of dreams as part of the holistic
Ligne n°477 : nature of Gestalt therapy. Dreams are seen as projections of parts of ...

Ligne n°476 : ... Fritz Perls presented his theory of dreams as part of the holistic
• Ligne n°477 : nature of Gestalt therapy. Dreams are seen as projections of parts of
Ligne n°478 : the self that have been ignored, rejected, or suppressed.^[50] Jung ...

Ligne n°478 : ... the self that have been ignored, rejected, or suppressed.^[50] Jung
• Ligne n°479 : argued that one could consider every person in the dream to represent
Ligne n°480 : an aspect of the dreamer, which he called the subjective approach to ...

Ligne n°479 : ... argued that one could consider every person in the dream to represent
• Ligne n°480 : an aspect of the dreamer, which he called the subjective approach to
Ligne n°481 : dreams. Perls expanded this point of view to say that even inanimate ...

Ligne n°480 : ... an aspect of the dreamer, which he called the subjective approach to
• Ligne n°481 : dreams. Perls expanded this point of view to say that even inanimate
Ligne n°482 : objects in the dream may represent aspects of the dreamer. The dreamer ...

Ligne n°481 : ... dreams. Perls expanded this point of view to say that even inanimate
• Ligne n°482 : objects in the dream may represent aspects of the dreamer. The dreamer


• Ligne n°482 : objects in the dream may represent aspects of the dreamer. The dreamer


• Ligne n°482 : objects in the dream may represent aspects of the dreamer. The dreamer
Ligne n°483 : may, therefore, be asked to imagine being an object in the dream and to ...

Ligne n°482 : ... objects in the dream may represent aspects of the dreamer. The dreamer
• Ligne n°483 : may, therefore, be asked to imagine being an object in the dream and to
Ligne n°484 : describe it, in order to bring into awareness the characteristics of ...

Ligne n°484 : ... describe it, in order to bring into awareness the characteristics of
• Ligne n°485 : the object that correspond with the dreamer's personality.


• Ligne n°492 : Accumulated observation has shown that dreams are strongly associated
Ligne n°493 : with REM rapid eye movement sleep, during which an electroencephalogram ...

Ligne n°494 : ... (EEG) shows brain activity that, among sleep states, is most like
• Ligne n°495 : wakefulness. Participant-remembered dreams during NREM sleep are
Ligne n°496 : normally more mundane in comparison.^[51] During a typical lifespan, a ...

Ligne n°496 : ... normally more mundane in comparison.^[51] During a typical lifespan, a
• Ligne n°497 : person spends a total of about six years dreaming^[52] (which is about
Ligne n°498 : two hours each night).^[53] Most dreams only last 5 to 20 minutes.^[52] ...

Ligne n°497 : ... person spends a total of about six years dreaming^[52] (which is about
• Ligne n°498 : two hours each night).^[53] Most dreams only last 5 to 20 minutes.^[52]
Ligne n°499 : It is unknown where in the brain dreams originate, if there is a single ...

Ligne n°498 : ... two hours each night).^[53] Most dreams only last 5 to 20 minutes.^[52]
• Ligne n°499 : It is unknown where in the brain dreams originate, if there is a single
Ligne n°500 : origin for dreams or if multiple portions of the brain are involved, or ...

Ligne n°499 : ... It is unknown where in the brain dreams originate, if there is a single
• Ligne n°500 : origin for dreams or if multiple portions of the brain are involved, or
Ligne n°501 : what the purpose of dreaming is for the body or mind. ...

Ligne n°500 : ... origin for dreams or if multiple portions of the brain are involved, or
• Ligne n°501 : what the purpose of dreaming is for the body or mind.


• Ligne n°506 : During most dreams, the person dreaming is not aware that they are


• Ligne n°506 : During most dreams, the person dreaming is not aware that they are
Ligne n°507 : dreaming, no matter how absurd or eccentric the dream is. The reason ...

Ligne n°506 : ... During most dreams, the person dreaming is not aware that they are
• Ligne n°507 : dreaming, no matter how absurd or eccentric the dream is. The reason


• Ligne n°507 : dreaming, no matter how absurd or eccentric the dream is. The reason
Ligne n°508 : for this may be that the prefrontal cortex, the region of the brain ...

Ligne n°509 : ... responsible for logic and planning, exhibits decreased activity during
• Ligne n°510 : dreams. This allows the dreamer to more actively interact with the


• Ligne n°510 : dreams. This allows the dreamer to more actively interact with the
Ligne n°511 : dream without thinking about what might happen, since things that would ...

Ligne n°510 : ... dreams. This allows the dreamer to more actively interact with the
• Ligne n°511 : dream without thinking about what might happen, since things that would
Ligne n°512 : normally stand out in reality blend in with the dream scenery.^[56] ...

Ligne n°511 : ... dream without thinking about what might happen, since things that would
• Ligne n°512 : normally stand out in reality blend in with the dream scenery.^[56]

Ligne n°515 : ... awakened to make reports before major editing or forgetting of their
• Ligne n°516 : dreams could take place, subjects accurately reported the length of
Ligne n°517 : time they had been dreaming in an REM sleep state. Some researchers ...

Ligne n°516 : ... dreams could take place, subjects accurately reported the length of
• Ligne n°517 : time they had been dreaming in an REM sleep state. Some researchers
Ligne n°518 : have speculated that "time dilation" effects only seem to be taking ...

Ligne n°518 : ... have speculated that "time dilation" effects only seem to be taking
• Ligne n°519 : place upon reflection and do not truly occur within dreams.^[57] This
Ligne n°520 : close correlation of REM sleep and dream experience was the basis of ...

Ligne n°519 : ... place upon reflection and do not truly occur within dreams.^[57] This
• Ligne n°520 : close correlation of REM sleep and dream experience was the basis of
Ligne n°521 : the first series of reports describing the nature of dreaming: that it ...

Ligne n°520 : ... close correlation of REM sleep and dream experience was the basis of
• Ligne n°521 : the first series of reports describing the nature of dreaming: that it
Ligne n°522 : is a regular nightly rather than occasional phenomenon, and is ...


• Ligne n°527 : REM sleep episodes and the dreams that accompany them lengthen
Ligne n°528 : progressively through the night, with the first episode being shortest, ...

Ligne n°529 : ... of approximately 10-12 minutes duration, and the second and third
• Ligne n°530 : episodes increasing to 15-20 minutes. Dreams at the end of the night
Ligne n°531 : may last as long as 15 minutes, although these may be experienced as ...

Ligne n°532 : ... several distinct episodes due to momentary arousals interrupting sleep
• Ligne n°533 : as the night ends. Dream reports can be reported from normal subjects
Ligne n°534 : 50% of the time when they are awakened prior to the end of the first ...

Ligne n°536 : ... awakenings are made from the last REM period of the night. The increase
• Ligne n°537 : in the ability to recall dreams appears related to intensification
Ligne n°538 : across the night in the vividness of dream imagery, colors, and ...

Ligne n°537 : ... in the ability to recall dreams appears related to intensification
• Ligne n°538 : across the night in the vividness of dream imagery, colors, and
Ligne n°539 : emotions.^[58] ...


• Ligne n°543 : REM sleep and the ability to dream seem to be embedded in the biology
Ligne n°544 : of many animals in addition to humans. Scientific research suggests ...

Ligne n°547 : ... the middle of the scale and the armadillo and the opossum (a marsupial)
• Ligne n°548 : are among the most prolific dreamers, judging from their REM
Ligne n°549 : patterns.^[60] ...


• Ligne n°551 : Studies have observed signs of dreaming in all mammals studied,
Ligne n°552 : including monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, elephants, and shrews. There have ...

Ligne n°552 : ... including monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, elephants, and shrews. There have
• Ligne n°553 : also been signs of dreaming in birds and reptiles.^[61] Sleeping and
Ligne n°554 : dreaming are intertwined. Scientific research results regarding the ...

Ligne n°553 : ... also been signs of dreaming in birds and reptiles.^[61] Sleeping and
• Ligne n°554 : dreaming are intertwined. Scientific research results regarding the
Ligne n°555 : function of dreaming in animals remain disputable; however, the ...

Ligne n°554 : ... dreaming are intertwined. Scientific research results regarding the
• Ligne n°555 : function of dreaming in animals remain disputable; however, the
Ligne n°556 : function of sleeping in living organisms is increasingly clear. For ...


• Ligne n°561 : Some scientists argue that humans dream for the same reason other
Ligne n°562 : amniotes do. From a Darwinian perspective dreams would have to fulfill ...

Ligne n°561 : ... Some scientists argue that humans dream for the same reason other
• Ligne n°562 : amniotes do. From a Darwinian perspective dreams would have to fulfill
Ligne n°563 : some kind of biological requirement, provide some benefit for natural ...

Ligne n°565 : ... fitness. In 2000 Antti Revonsuo, a professor at the University of Turku
• Ligne n°566 : in Finland, claimed that centuries ago dreams would prepare humans for
Ligne n°567 : recognizing and avoiding danger by presenting a simulation of ...

Ligne n°568 : ... threatening events. The theory has therefore been called the
• Ligne n°569 : threat-simulation theory.^[63] According to Tsoukalas (2012) dreaming
Ligne n°570 : is related to the reactive patterns elicited by encounters with ...

Ligne n°580 : ... In 1976 J. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley proposed a new theory that
• Ligne n°581 : changed dream research, challenging the previously held Freudian view
Ligne n°582 : of dreams as unconscious wishes to be interpreted. They assume that the ...

Ligne n°581 : ... changed dream research, challenging the previously held Freudian view
• Ligne n°582 : of dreams as unconscious wishes to be interpreted. They assume that the
Ligne n°583 : same structures that induce REM sleep also generate sensory ...

Ligne n°584 : ... information. Hobson's 1976 research suggested that the signals
• Ligne n°585 : interpreted as dreams originate in the brainstem during REM sleep.
Ligne n°586 : According to Hobson and other researchers, circuits in the brainstem ...

Ligne n°592 : ... physical stimuli such as ejaculation, and attempts to create meaning
• Ligne n°593 : from these signals, result in dreaming.


• Ligne n°595 : However, research by Mark Solms suggests that dreams are generated in
Ligne n°596 : the forebrain, and that REM sleep and dreaming are not directly ...

Ligne n°595 : ... However, research by Mark Solms suggests that dreams are generated in
• Ligne n°596 : the forebrain, and that REM sleep and dreaming are not directly
Ligne n°597 : related.^[66] While working in the neurosurgery department at hospitals ...

Ligne n°598 : ... in Johannesburg and London, Solms had access to patients with various
• Ligne n°599 : brain injuries. He began to question patients about their dreams and
Ligne n°600 : confirmed that patients with damage to the parietal lobe stopped ...

Ligne n°600 : ... confirmed that patients with damage to the parietal lobe stopped
• Ligne n°601 : dreaming; this finding was in line with Hobson's 1977 theory. However,
Ligne n°602 : Solms did not encounter cases of loss of dreaming with patients having ...

Ligne n°601 : ... dreaming; this finding was in line with Hobson's 1977 theory. However,
• Ligne n°602 : Solms did not encounter cases of loss of dreaming with patients having
Ligne n°603 : brainstem damage. This observation forced him to question Hobson's ...

Ligne n°604 : ... prevailing theory, which marked the brainstem as the source of the
• Ligne n°605 : signals interpreted as dreams.

Ligne n°609 : ... Combining Hobson's activation synthesis hypothesis with Solms'
• Ligne n°610 : findings, the continual-activation theory of dreaming presented by Jie
Ligne n°611 : Zhang proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and ...

Ligne n°610 : ... findings, the continual-activation theory of dreaming presented by Jie
• Ligne n°611 : Zhang proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and
Ligne n°612 : synthesis; at the same time, dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by ...

Ligne n°611 : ... Zhang proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and
• Ligne n°612 : synthesis; at the same time, dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by
Ligne n°613 : different brain mechanisms. Zhang hypothesizes that the function of ...

Ligne n°626 : ... conscious part of the brain. Zhang suggests that this pulse-like brain
• Ligne n°627 : activation is the inducer of each dream. He proposes that, with the
Ligne n°628 : involvement of the brain associative thinking system, dreaming is, ...

Ligne n°627 : ... activation is the inducer of each dream. He proposes that, with the
• Ligne n°628 : involvement of the brain associative thinking system, dreaming is,
Ligne n°629 : thereafter, self-maintained with the dreamer's own thinking until the ...

Ligne n°628 : ... involvement of the brain associative thinking system, dreaming is,
• Ligne n°629 : thereafter, self-maintained with the dreamer's own thinking until the
Ligne n°630 : next pulse of memory insertion. This explains why dreams have both ...

Ligne n°629 : ... thereafter, self-maintained with the dreamer's own thinking until the
• Ligne n°630 : next pulse of memory insertion. This explains why dreams have both
Ligne n°631 : characteristics of continuity (within a dream) and sudden changes ...

Ligne n°630 : ... next pulse of memory insertion. This explains why dreams have both
• Ligne n°631 : characteristics of continuity (within a dream) and sudden changes
Ligne n°632 : (between two dreams).^[67]^[68] A detailed explanation of how a dream ...

Ligne n°631 : ... characteristics of continuity (within a dream) and sudden changes
• Ligne n°632 : (between two dreams).^[67]^[68] A detailed explanation of how a dream


• Ligne n°632 : (between two dreams).^[67]^[68] A detailed explanation of how a dream
Ligne n°633 : is synthesized is given in a later paper.^[69] ...


• Ligne n°652 : Eugen Tarnow suggests that dreams are ever-present excitations of
Ligne n°653 : long-term memory, even during waking life. The strangeness of dreams is ...

Ligne n°652 : ... Eugen Tarnow suggests that dreams are ever-present excitations of
• Ligne n°653 : long-term memory, even during waking life. The strangeness of dreams is
Ligne n°654 : due to the format of long-term memory, reminiscent of Penfield & ...

Ligne n°655 : ... Rasmussen's findings that electrical excitations of the cortex give
• Ligne n°656 : rise to experiences similar to dreams. During waking life an executive
Ligne n°657 : function interprets long-term memory consistent with reality checking. ...

Ligne n°657 : ... function interprets long-term memory consistent with reality checking.
• Ligne n°658 : Tarnow's theory is a reworking of Freud's theory of dreams in which
Ligne n°659 : Freud's unconscious is replaced with the long-term memory system and ...

Ligne n°666 : ... A 2001 study showed evidence that illogical locations, characters, and
• Ligne n°667 : dream flow may help the brain strengthen the linking and consolidation
Ligne n°668 : of semantic memories.^[71] These conditions may occur because, during ...

Ligne n°677 : ... created under stress.^[73] Robert (1886),^[74] a physician from
• Ligne n°678 : Hamburg, was the first who suggested that dreams are a need and that
Ligne n°679 : they have the function to erase (a) sensory impressions that were not ...

Ligne n°680 : ... fully worked up, and (b) ideas that were not fully developed during the
• Ligne n°681 : day. By the dream work, incomplete material is either removed
Ligne n°682 : (suppressed) or deepened and included into memory. Robert's ideas were ...

Ligne n°687 : ... This was revised in 1983 by Crick and Mitchison's "reverse learning"
• Ligne n°688 : theory, which states that dreams are like the cleaning-up operations of
Ligne n°689 : computers when they are off-line, removing (suppressing) parasitic ...

Ligne n°690 : ... nodes and other "junk" from the mind during sleep.^[75]^[76] However,
• Ligne n°691 : the opposite view that dreaming has an information handling,
Ligne n°692 : memory-consolidating function (Hennevin and Leconte, 1971) is also ...


• Ligne n°699 : Coutts^[77] describes dreams as playing a central role in a two-phase
Ligne n°700 : sleep process that improves the mind's ability to meet human needs ...

Ligne n°701 : ... during wakefulness. During the accommodation phase, mental schemas
• Ligne n°702 : self-modify by incorporating dream themes. During the emotional
Ligne n°703 : selection phase, dreams test prior schema accommodations. Those that ...

Ligne n°702 : ... self-modify by incorporating dream themes. During the emotional
• Ligne n°703 : selection phase, dreams test prior schema accommodations. Those that
Ligne n°704 : appear adaptive are retained, while those that appear maladaptive are ...

Ligne n°705 : ... culled. The cycle maps to the sleep cycle, repeating several times
• Ligne n°706 : during a typical night's sleep. Alfred Adler suggested that dreams are
Ligne n°707 : often emotional preparations for solving problems, intoxicating an ...

Ligne n°708 : ... individual away from common sense toward private logic. The residual
• Ligne n°709 : dream feelings may either reinforce or inhibit contemplated action.


• Ligne n°713 : Numerous theories state that dreaming is a random by-product of REM
Ligne n°714 : sleep physiology and that it does not serve any natural purpose.^[78] ...

Ligne n°717 : ... system designed to think and to sleep."^[79] Hobson, for different
• Ligne n°718 : reasons, also considers dreams epiphenomena. He believes that the
Ligne n°719 : substance of dreams have no significant influence on waking actions, ...

Ligne n°718 : ... reasons, also considers dreams epiphenomena. He believes that the
• Ligne n°719 : substance of dreams have no significant influence on waking actions,
Ligne n°720 : and most people go about their daily lives perfectly well without ...

Ligne n°720 : ... and most people go about their daily lives perfectly well without
• Ligne n°721 : remembering their dreams.^[80]


• Ligne n°723 : In 2005, however, Hobson published a book, Thirteen Dreams that Freud
Ligne n°724 : Never Had,^[81] in which he analyzed his own dreams after having a ...

Ligne n°723 : ... In 2005, however, Hobson published a book, Thirteen Dreams that Freud
• Ligne n°724 : Never Had,^[81] in which he analyzed his own dreams after having a
Ligne n°725 : stroke in 2001. The book is filled with the most forthright analyses of ...

Ligne n°725 : ... stroke in 2001. The book is filled with the most forthright analyses of
• Ligne n°726 : Hobson's dreams, with attention to problems in bodily function and
Ligne n°727 : social relations. The book illustrates how dreams show our most ...

Ligne n°726 : ... Hobson's dreams, with attention to problems in bodily function and
• Ligne n°727 : social relations. The book illustrates how dreams show our most
Ligne n°728 : compelling concerns and how they can be used to make sense of the most ...

Ligne n°731 : ... Hobson proposed the activation-synthesis theory, which states that
• Ligne n°732 : "there is a randomness of dream imagery and the randomness synthesizes
Ligne n°733 : dream-generated images to fit the patterns of internally generated ...

Ligne n°732 : ... "there is a randomness of dream imagery and the randomness synthesizes
• Ligne n°733 : dream-generated images to fit the patterns of internally generated
Ligne n°734 : stimulations".^[82] This theory is based on the physiology of REM ...

Ligne n°734 : ... stimulations".^[82] This theory is based on the physiology of REM
• Ligne n°735 : sleep, and Hobson believes dreams are the outcome of the forebrain
Ligne n°736 : reacting to random activity beginning at the brainstem. The ...

Ligne n°737 : ... activation-synthesis theory hypothesizes that the peculiar nature of
• Ligne n°738 : dreams is attributed to certain parts of the brain trying to piece
Ligne n°739 : together a story out of what is essentially bizarre information.^[83] ...


• Ligne n°741 : However, evolutionary psychologists believe dreams serve some adaptive
Ligne n°742 : function for survival. Deirdre Barrett describes dreaming as simply ...

Ligne n°741 : ... However, evolutionary psychologists believe dreams serve some adaptive
• Ligne n°742 : function for survival. Deirdre Barrett describes dreaming as simply
Ligne n°743 : "thinking in different biochemical state" and believes people continue ...

Ligne n°746 : ... composition, business dilemmas--may get solved during
• Ligne n°747 : dreaming.^[85]^[86]


• Ligne n°749 : Finnish psychologist Antti Revonsuo posits that dreams have evolved for
Ligne n°750 : "threat simulation" exclusively. According to the Threat Simulation ...

Ligne n°752 : ... interpersonal threats were serious, giving reproductive advantage to
• Ligne n°753 : those who survived them. Therefore, dreaming evolved to replicate these
Ligne n°754 : threats and continually practice dealing with them. In support of this ...

Ligne n°754 : ... threats and continually practice dealing with them. In support of this
• Ligne n°755 : theory, Revonsuo shows that contemporary dreams comprise much more
Ligne n°756 : threatening events than people meet in daily non-dream life, and the ...

Ligne n°756 : ... threatening events than people meet in daily non-dream life, and the
• Ligne n°757 : dreamer usually engages appropriately with them.^[87] It is suggested
Ligne n°758 : by this theory that dreams serve the purpose of allowing for the ...

Ligne n°757 : ... dreamer usually engages appropriately with them.^[87] It is suggested
• Ligne n°758 : by this theory that dreams serve the purpose of allowing for the
Ligne n°759 : rehearsal of threatening scenarios in order to better prepare an ...


• Ligne n°762 : According to Tsoukalas (2012) the biology of dreaming is related to the
Ligne n°763 : reactive patterns elicited by predatorial encounters (especially the ...

Ligne n°764 : ... tonic immobility reflex), a fact that lends support to evolutionary
• Ligne n°765 : theories claiming that dreams specialize in threat avoidance or
Ligne n°766 : emotional processing.^[64] ...


• Ligne n°770 : There are many other hypotheses about the function of dreams,
Ligne n°771 : including:^[88] ...

Ligne n°771 : ... including:^[88]
• Ligne n°772 : * Dreams allow the repressed parts of the mind to be satisfied
Ligne n°773 : through fantasy while keeping the conscious mind from thoughts that ...

Ligne n°774 : ... would suddenly cause one to awaken from shock.^[89]
• Ligne n°775 : * Ferenczi^[90] proposed that the dream, when told, may communicate
Ligne n°776 : something that is not being said outright. ...

Ligne n°776 : ... something that is not being said outright.
• Ligne n°777 : * Dreams regulate mood.^[91]
Ligne n°778 : * Hartmann^[92] says dreams may function like psychotherapy, by ...

Ligne n°777 : ... * Dreams regulate mood.^[91]
• Ligne n°778 : * Hartmann^[92] says dreams may function like psychotherapy, by
Ligne n°779 : "making connections in a safe place" and allowing the dreamer to ...

Ligne n°778 : ... * Hartmann^[92] says dreams may function like psychotherapy, by
• Ligne n°779 : "making connections in a safe place" and allowing the dreamer to
Ligne n°780 : integrate thoughts that may be dissociated during waking life. ...

Ligne n°780 : ... integrate thoughts that may be dissociated during waking life.
• Ligne n°781 : * LaBerge and DeGracia^[93] have suggested that dreams may function,
Ligne n°782 : in part, to recombine unconscious elements within consciousness on ...


• Ligne n°791 : An artist's rendering of a dream.


• Ligne n°793 : From the 1940s to 1985, Calvin S. Hall collected more than 50,000 dream
Ligne n°794 : reports at Western Reserve University. In 1966 Hall and Van De Castle ...

Ligne n°794 : ... reports at Western Reserve University. In 1966 Hall and Van De Castle
• Ligne n°795 : published The Content Analysis of Dreams, in which they outlined a
Ligne n°796 : coding system to study 1,000 dream reports from college students.^[94] ...

Ligne n°795 : ... published The Content Analysis of Dreams, in which they outlined a
• Ligne n°796 : coding system to study 1,000 dream reports from college students.^[94]
Ligne n°797 : Results indicated that participants from varying parts of the world ...

Ligne n°797 : ... Results indicated that participants from varying parts of the world
• Ligne n°798 : demonstrated similarity in their dream content. Hall's complete dream


• Ligne n°798 : demonstrated similarity in their dream content. Hall's complete dream
Ligne n°799 : reports were made publicly available in the mid-1990s by Hall's prot\xE9g\xE9 ...


• Ligne n°804 : The visual nature of dreams is generally highly phantasmagoric; that
Ligne n°805 : is, different locations and objects continuously blend into each other. ...

Ligne n°808 : ... conversation can take on highly exaggerated and bizarre forms. Some
• Ligne n°809 : dreams may even tell elaborate stories wherein the dreamer enters


• Ligne n°809 : dreams may even tell elaborate stories wherein the dreamer enters
Ligne n°810 : entirely new, complex worlds and awakes with ideas, thoughts and ...

Ligne n°810 : ... entirely new, complex worlds and awakes with ideas, thoughts and
• Ligne n°811 : feelings never experienced prior to the dream.


• Ligne n°813 : People who are blind from birth do not have visual dreams. Their dream


• Ligne n°813 : People who are blind from birth do not have visual dreams. Their dream
Ligne n°814 : contents are related to other senses like auditory, touch, smell and ...


• Ligne n°819 : In the Hall study, the most common emotion experienced in dreams was
Ligne n°820 : anxiety. Other emotions included abandonment, anger, fear, joy, and ...


• Ligne n°826 : The Hall data analysis shows that sexual dreams occur no more than 10%
Ligne n°827 : of the time and are more prevalent in young to mid-teens.^[94] Another ...

Ligne n°827 : ... of the time and are more prevalent in young to mid-teens.^[94] Another
• Ligne n°828 : study showed that 8% of both men and women's dreams have sexual
Ligne n°829 : content.^[96] In some cases, sexual dreams may result in orgasms or ...

Ligne n°828 : ... study showed that 8% of both men and women's dreams have sexual
• Ligne n°829 : content.^[96] In some cases, sexual dreams may result in orgasms or
Ligne n°830 : nocturnal emissions. These are colloquially known as wet dreams.^[97] ...

Ligne n°829 : ... content.^[96] In some cases, sexual dreams may result in orgasms or
• Ligne n°830 : nocturnal emissions. These are colloquially known as wet dreams.^[97]


• Ligne n°834 : A small minority of people say that they dream only in black and
Ligne n°835 : white.^[98]^[not in citation given] A 2008 study by a researcher at the ...

Ligne n°836 : ... University of Dundee found that people who were only exposed to black
• Ligne n°837 : and white television and film in childhood reported dreaming in black
Ligne n°838 : and white about 25% of the time.^[99] ...

Ligne n°842 : ... There is evidence that certain medical conditions (normally only
• Ligne n°843 : neurological conditions) can impact dreams. For instance, some people
Ligne n°844 : with synesthesia have never reported entirely black-and-white dreaming, ...

Ligne n°843 : ... neurological conditions) can impact dreams. For instance, some people
• Ligne n°844 : with synesthesia have never reported entirely black-and-white dreaming,
Ligne n°845 : and often have a difficult time imagining the idea of dreaming in only ...

Ligne n°844 : ... with synesthesia have never reported entirely black-and-white dreaming,
• Ligne n°845 : and often have a difficult time imagining the idea of dreaming in only
Ligne n°846 : black and white.^[100] ...


• Ligne n°850 : Main article: Dream interpretation
Ligne n°851 : An artist's painting of a dream. ...

Ligne n°850 : ... Main article: Dream interpretation
• Ligne n°851 : An artist's painting of a dream.


• Ligne n°855 : Dream interpretation can be a result of subjective ideas and
Ligne n°856 : experiences. One study^[8] found that most people believe that "their ...

Ligne n°856 : ... experiences. One study^[8] found that most people believe that "their
• Ligne n°857 : dreams reveal meaningful hidden truths". In one study^[101] conducted
Ligne n°858 : in the United States, South Korea and India, they found that 74% of ...

Ligne n°858 : ... in the United States, South Korea and India, they found that 74% of
• Ligne n°859 : Indians, 65% of South Koreans and 56% of Americans believed their dream
Ligne n°860 : content provided them with meaningful insight into their unconscious ...

Ligne n°860 : ... content provided them with meaningful insight into their unconscious
• Ligne n°861 : beliefs and desires. This Freudian view of dreaming was endorsed
Ligne n°862 : significantly more than theories of dreaming that attribute dream ...

Ligne n°861 : ... beliefs and desires. This Freudian view of dreaming was endorsed
• Ligne n°862 : significantly more than theories of dreaming that attribute dream


• Ligne n°862 : significantly more than theories of dreaming that attribute dream
Ligne n°863 : content to memory consolidation, problem-solving, or random brain ...

Ligne n°868 : ... In the paper, Morewedge and Norton (2009) also found that people
• Ligne n°869 : attribute more importance to dream content than to similar thought
Ligne n°870 : content that occurs while they are awake. In one study, Americans were ...

Ligne n°870 : ... content that occurs while they are awake. In one study, Americans were
• Ligne n°871 : more likely to report that they would miss their flight if they dreamt
Ligne n°872 : of their plane crashing than if they thought of their plane crashing ...

Ligne n°873 : ... the night before flying (while awake), and that they would be as likely
• Ligne n°874 : to miss their flight if they dreamt of their plane crashing the night
Ligne n°875 : before their flight as if there was an actual plane crash on the route ...

Ligne n°875 : ... before their flight as if there was an actual plane crash on the route
• Ligne n°876 : they intended to take.^[8] Not all dream content was considered equally
Ligne n°877 : important. Participants in their studies were more likely to perceive ...

Ligne n°877 : ... important. Participants in their studies were more likely to perceive
• Ligne n°878 : dreams to be meaningful when the content of dreams was in accordance


• Ligne n°878 : dreams to be meaningful when the content of dreams was in accordance
Ligne n°879 : with their beliefs and desires while awake. People were more likely to ...

Ligne n°879 : ... with their beliefs and desires while awake. People were more likely to
• Ligne n°880 : view a positive dream about a friend to be meaningful than a positive
Ligne n°881 : dream about someone they disliked, for example, and were more likely to ...

Ligne n°880 : ... view a positive dream about a friend to be meaningful than a positive
• Ligne n°881 : dream about someone they disliked, for example, and were more likely to
Ligne n°882 : view a negative dream about a person they disliked as meaningful than a ...

Ligne n°881 : ... dream about someone they disliked, for example, and were more likely to
• Ligne n°882 : view a negative dream about a person they disliked as meaningful than a
Ligne n°883 : negative dream about a person they liked. ...

Ligne n°882 : ... view a negative dream about a person they disliked as meaningful than a
• Ligne n°883 : negative dream about a person they liked.

Ligne n°888 : ... stress disorder) can include imagining alternative scenarios that could
• Ligne n°889 : begin at each step of the dream.^[102]


• Ligne n°893 : A depiction of soldiers' dreams.

Ligne n°897 : ... During the night, many external stimuli may bombard the senses, but the
• Ligne n°898 : brain often interprets the stimulus and makes it a part of a dream to
Ligne n°899 : ensure continued sleep.^[103] Dream incorporation is a phenomenon ...

Ligne n°898 : ... brain often interprets the stimulus and makes it a part of a dream to
• Ligne n°899 : ensure continued sleep.^[103] Dream incorporation is a phenomenon
Ligne n°900 : whereby an actual sensation, such as environmental sounds, is ...

Ligne n°900 : ... whereby an actual sensation, such as environmental sounds, is
• Ligne n°901 : incorporated into dreams, such as hearing a phone ringing in a dream


• Ligne n°901 : incorporated into dreams, such as hearing a phone ringing in a dream
Ligne n°902 : while it is ringing in reality or dreaming of urination while wetting ...

Ligne n°901 : ... incorporated into dreams, such as hearing a phone ringing in a dream
• Ligne n°902 : while it is ringing in reality or dreaming of urination while wetting
Ligne n°903 : the bed. The mind can, however, awaken an individual if they are in ...

Ligne n°907 : ... The term "dream incorporation" is also used in research examining the
• Ligne n°908 : degree to which preceding daytime events become elements of dreams.
Ligne n°909 : Recent studies suggest that events in the day immediately preceding, ...

Ligne n°911 : ... Fine and Laura Fischer Leighton argue that "dreams are external to the
• Ligne n°912 : individual mind" because "1) dreams are not willed by the individual
Ligne n°913 : self; 2) dreams reflect social reality; 3) dreams are public rhetoric; ...

Ligne n°912 : ... individual mind" because "1) dreams are not willed by the individual
• Ligne n°913 : self; 2) dreams reflect social reality; 3) dreams are public rhetoric;


• Ligne n°913 : self; 2) dreams reflect social reality; 3) dreams are public rhetoric;
Ligne n°914 : and 4) dreams are collectively interpretable."^[105] ...

Ligne n°913 : ... self; 2) dreams reflect social reality; 3) dreams are public rhetoric;
• Ligne n°914 : and 4) dreams are collectively interpretable."^[105]


• Ligne n°920 : According to surveys, it is common for people to feel their dreams are
Ligne n°921 : predicting subsequent life events.^[106] Psychologists have explained ...

Ligne n°922 : ... these experiences in terms of memory biases, namely a selective memory
• Ligne n°923 : for accurate predictions and distorted memory so that dreams are
Ligne n°924 : retrospectively fitted onto life experiences.^[106] The multi-faceted ...

Ligne n°924 : ... retrospectively fitted onto life experiences.^[106] The multi-faceted
• Ligne n°925 : nature of dreams makes it easy to find connections between dream


• Ligne n°925 : nature of dreams makes it easy to find connections between dream
Ligne n°926 : content and real events.^[107] The term "veridical dream" has been used ...

Ligne n°925 : ... nature of dreams makes it easy to find connections between dream
• Ligne n°926 : content and real events.^[107] The term "veridical dream" has been used
Ligne n°927 : to indicate dreams that reveal or contain truths not yet known to the ...

Ligne n°926 : ... content and real events.^[107] The term "veridical dream" has been used
• Ligne n°927 : to indicate dreams that reveal or contain truths not yet known to the
Ligne n°928 : dreamer, whether future events or secrets.^[108] ...

Ligne n°927 : ... to indicate dreams that reveal or contain truths not yet known to the
• Ligne n°928 : dreamer, whether future events or secrets.^[108]


• Ligne n°930 : In one experiment, subjects were asked to write down their dreams in a
Ligne n°931 : diary. This prevented the selective memory effect, and the dreams no ...

Ligne n°930 : ... In one experiment, subjects were asked to write down their dreams in a
• Ligne n°931 : diary. This prevented the selective memory effect, and the dreams no
Ligne n°932 : longer seemed accurate about the future.^[109] Another experiment gave ...

Ligne n°932 : ... longer seemed accurate about the future.^[109] Another experiment gave
• Ligne n°933 : subjects a fake diary of a student with apparently precognitive dreams.
Ligne n°934 : This diary described events from the person's life, as well as some ...

Ligne n°934 : ... This diary described events from the person's life, as well as some
• Ligne n°935 : predictive dreams and some non-predictive dreams. When subjects were


• Ligne n°935 : predictive dreams and some non-predictive dreams. When subjects were
Ligne n°936 : asked to recall the dreams they had read, they remembered more of the ...

Ligne n°935 : ... predictive dreams and some non-predictive dreams. When subjects were
• Ligne n°936 : asked to recall the dreams they had read, they remembered more of the
Ligne n°937 : successful predictions than unsuccessful ones.^[110] ...


• Ligne n°939 : Lucid dreaming


• Ligne n°941 : Main article: Lucid dreaming


• Ligne n°943 : Lucid dreaming is the conscious perception of one's state while
Ligne n°944 : dreaming. In this state the dreamer may often have some degree of ...

Ligne n°943 : ... Lucid dreaming is the conscious perception of one's state while
• Ligne n°944 : dreaming. In this state the dreamer may often have some degree of


• Ligne n°944 : dreaming. In this state the dreamer may often have some degree of
Ligne n°945 : control over their own actions within the dream or even the characters ...

Ligne n°944 : ... dreaming. In this state the dreamer may often have some degree of
• Ligne n°945 : control over their own actions within the dream or even the characters
Ligne n°946 : and the environment of the dream. Dream control has been reported to ...

Ligne n°945 : ... control over their own actions within the dream or even the characters
• Ligne n°946 : and the environment of the dream. Dream control has been reported to


• Ligne n°946 : and the environment of the dream. Dream control has been reported to
Ligne n°947 : improve with practiced deliberate lucid dreaming, but the ability to ...

Ligne n°946 : ... and the environment of the dream. Dream control has been reported to
• Ligne n°947 : improve with practiced deliberate lucid dreaming, but the ability to
Ligne n°948 : control aspects of the dream is not necessary for a dream to qualify as ...

Ligne n°947 : ... improve with practiced deliberate lucid dreaming, but the ability to
• Ligne n°948 : control aspects of the dream is not necessary for a dream to qualify as


• Ligne n°948 : control aspects of the dream is not necessary for a dream to qualify as
Ligne n°949 : "lucid" -- a lucid dream is any dream during which the dreamer knows ...

Ligne n°948 : ... control aspects of the dream is not necessary for a dream to qualify as
• Ligne n°949 : "lucid" -- a lucid dream is any dream during which the dreamer knows


• Ligne n°949 : "lucid" -- a lucid dream is any dream during which the dreamer knows


• Ligne n°949 : "lucid" -- a lucid dream is any dream during which the dreamer knows
Ligne n°950 : they are dreaming.^[111] The occurrence of lucid dreaming has been ...

Ligne n°949 : ... "lucid" -- a lucid dream is any dream during which the dreamer knows
• Ligne n°950 : they are dreaming.^[111] The occurrence of lucid dreaming has been


• Ligne n°950 : they are dreaming.^[111] The occurrence of lucid dreaming has been
Ligne n°951 : scientifically verified.^[112] ...


• Ligne n°953 : Oneironaut is a term sometimes used for those who lucidly dream.


• Ligne n°955 : Communication through lucid dreaming

Ligne n°957 : ... In 1975, psychologist Keith Hearne successfully recorded a
• Ligne n°958 : communication from a dreamer experiencing a lucid dream. On April 12,


• Ligne n°958 : communication from a dreamer experiencing a lucid dream. On April 12,
Ligne n°959 : 1975, after agreeing to move his eyes left and right upon becoming ...

Ligne n°964 : ... including:
• Ligne n°965 : * Using eye signals to map the subjective sense of time in dreams.
Ligne n°966 : * Comparing the electrical activity of the brain while singing awake ...

Ligne n°966 : ... * Comparing the electrical activity of the brain while singing awake
• Ligne n°967 : and while dreaming.
Ligne n°968 : * Studies comparing in-dream sex, arousal, and orgasm.^[114] ...


• Ligne n°970 : Communication between two dreamers has also been documented. The
Ligne n°971 : processes involved included EEG monitoring, ocular signaling, ...

Ligne n°972 : ... incorporation of reality in the form of red light stimuli and a
• Ligne n°973 : coordinating website. The website tracked when both dreamers were
Ligne n°974 : dreaming and sent the stimulus to one of the dreamers where it was ...

Ligne n°973 : ... coordinating website. The website tracked when both dreamers were
• Ligne n°974 : dreaming and sent the stimulus to one of the dreamers where it was


• Ligne n°974 : dreaming and sent the stimulus to one of the dreamers where it was
Ligne n°975 : incorporated into the dream. This dreamer, upon becoming lucid, ...

Ligne n°974 : ... dreaming and sent the stimulus to one of the dreamers where it was
• Ligne n°975 : incorporated into the dream. This dreamer, upon becoming lucid,


• Ligne n°975 : incorporated into the dream. This dreamer, upon becoming lucid,
Ligne n°976 : signaled with eye movements; this was detected by the website whereupon ...

Ligne n°976 : ... signaled with eye movements; this was detected by the website whereupon
• Ligne n°977 : the stimulus was sent to the second dreamer, invoking incorporation
Ligne n°978 : into this dream.^[115] ...

Ligne n°977 : ... the stimulus was sent to the second dreamer, invoking incorporation
• Ligne n°978 : into this dream.^[115]


• Ligne n°982 : Dreams of absent-minded transgression (DAMT) are dreams wherein the


• Ligne n°982 : Dreams of absent-minded transgression (DAMT) are dreams wherein the
Ligne n°983 : dreamer absentmindedly performs an action that he or she has been ...

Ligne n°982 : ... Dreams of absent-minded transgression (DAMT) are dreams wherein the
• Ligne n°983 : dreamer absentmindedly performs an action that he or she has been
Ligne n°984 : trying to stop (one classic example is of a quitting smoker having ...

Ligne n°984 : ... trying to stop (one classic example is of a quitting smoker having
• Ligne n°985 : dreams of lighting a cigarette). Subjects who have had DAMT have
Ligne n°986 : reported waking with intense feelings of guilt. One study found a ...

Ligne n°986 : ... reported waking with intense feelings of guilt. One study found a
• Ligne n°987 : positive association between having these dreams and successfully
Ligne n°988 : stopping the behavior.^[116] ...


• Ligne n°992 : The recollection of dreams is extremely unreliable, though it is a
Ligne n°993 : skill that can be trained. Dreams can usually be recalled if a person ...

Ligne n°992 : ... The recollection of dreams is extremely unreliable, though it is a
• Ligne n°993 : skill that can be trained. Dreams can usually be recalled if a person
Ligne n°994 : is awakened while dreaming.^[102] Women tend to have more frequent ...

Ligne n°993 : ... skill that can be trained. Dreams can usually be recalled if a person
• Ligne n°994 : is awakened while dreaming.^[102] Women tend to have more frequent
Ligne n°995 : dream recall than men.^[102] Dreams that are difficult to recall may be ...

Ligne n°994 : ... is awakened while dreaming.^[102] Women tend to have more frequent
• Ligne n°995 : dream recall than men.^[102] Dreams that are difficult to recall may be


• Ligne n°995 : dream recall than men.^[102] Dreams that are difficult to recall may be
Ligne n°996 : characterized by relatively little affect, and factors such as ...

Ligne n°996 : ... characterized by relatively little affect, and factors such as
• Ligne n°997 : salience, arousal, and interference play a role in dream recall. Often,
Ligne n°998 : a dream may be recalled upon viewing or hearing a random trigger or ...

Ligne n°997 : ... salience, arousal, and interference play a role in dream recall. Often,
• Ligne n°998 : a dream may be recalled upon viewing or hearing a random trigger or
Ligne n°999 : stimulus. The salience hypothesis proposes that dream content that is ...

Ligne n°998 : ... a dream may be recalled upon viewing or hearing a random trigger or
• Ligne n°999 : stimulus. The salience hypothesis proposes that dream content that is
Ligne n°1000 : salient, that is, novel, intense, or unusual, is more easily ...

Ligne n°1001 : ... remembered. There is considerable evidence that vivid, intense, or
• Ligne n°1002 : unusual dream content is more frequently recalled.^[117] A dream


• Ligne n°1002 : unusual dream content is more frequently recalled.^[117] A dream
Ligne n°1003 : journal can be used to assist dream recall, for personal interest or ...

Ligne n°1002 : ... unusual dream content is more frequently recalled.^[117] A dream
• Ligne n°1003 : journal can be used to assist dream recall, for personal interest or
Ligne n°1004 : psychotherapy purposes. ...


• Ligne n°1006 : For some people, sensations from the previous night's dreams are
Ligne n°1007 : sometimes spontaneously experienced in falling asleep. However they are ...

Ligne n°1007 : ... sometimes spontaneously experienced in falling asleep. However they are
• Ligne n°1008 : usually too slight and fleeting to allow dream recall. At least 95% of
Ligne n°1009 : all dreams are not remembered. Certain brain chemicals necessary for ...

Ligne n°1008 : ... usually too slight and fleeting to allow dream recall. At least 95% of
• Ligne n°1009 : all dreams are not remembered. Certain brain chemicals necessary for
Ligne n°1010 : converting short-term memories into long-term ones are suppressed ...

Ligne n°1010 : ... converting short-term memories into long-term ones are suppressed
• Ligne n°1011 : during REM sleep. Unless a dream is particularly vivid and if one wakes
Ligne n°1012 : during or immediately after it, the content of the dream is not ...

Ligne n°1011 : ... during REM sleep. Unless a dream is particularly vivid and if one wakes
• Ligne n°1012 : during or immediately after it, the content of the dream is not
Ligne n°1013 : remembered.^[118] Recording or reconstructing dreams may one day assist ...

Ligne n°1012 : ... during or immediately after it, the content of the dream is not
• Ligne n°1013 : remembered.^[118] Recording or reconstructing dreams may one day assist
Ligne n°1014 : with dream recall. Using technologies such as functional magnetic ...

Ligne n°1013 : ... remembered.^[118] Recording or reconstructing dreams may one day assist
• Ligne n°1014 : with dream recall. Using technologies such as functional magnetic
Ligne n°1015 : resonance imaging (fMRI) and electromyography (EMG), researchers have ...

Ligne n°1015 : ... resonance imaging (fMRI) and electromyography (EMG), researchers have
• Ligne n°1016 : been able to record basic dream imagery,^[119] dream speech


• Ligne n°1016 : been able to record basic dream imagery,^[119] dream speech
Ligne n°1017 : activity^[120] and dream motor behavior (such as walking and hand ...

Ligne n°1016 : ... been able to record basic dream imagery,^[119] dream speech
• Ligne n°1017 : activity^[120] and dream motor behavior (such as walking and hand
Ligne n°1018 : movements).^[121]^[122] ...

Ligne n°1022 : ... In line with the salience hypothesis, there is considerable evidence
• Ligne n°1023 : that people who have more vivid, intense or unusual dreams show better
Ligne n°1024 : recall. There is evidence that continuity of consciousness is related ...

Ligne n°1025 : ... to recall. Specifically, people who have vivid and unusual experiences
• Ligne n°1026 : during the day tend to have more memorable dream content and hence
Ligne n°1027 : better dream recall. People who score high on measures of personality ...

Ligne n°1026 : ... during the day tend to have more memorable dream content and hence
• Ligne n°1027 : better dream recall. People who score high on measures of personality
Ligne n°1028 : traits associated with creativity, imagination, and fantasy, such as ...

Ligne n°1029 : ... openness to experience, daydreaming, fantasy proneness, absorption, and
• Ligne n°1030 : hypnotic susceptibility, tend to show more frequent dream recall.^[117]
Ligne n°1031 : There is also evidence for continuity between the bizarre aspects of ...

Ligne n°1031 : ... There is also evidence for continuity between the bizarre aspects of
• Ligne n°1032 : dreaming and waking experience. That is, people who report more bizarre
Ligne n°1033 : experiences during the day, such as people high in schizotypy ...

Ligne n°1033 : ... experiences during the day, such as people high in schizotypy
• Ligne n°1034 : (psychosis proneness) have more frequent dream recall and also report
Ligne n°1035 : more frequent nightmares.^[117] ...

Ligne n°1041 : ... One theory of d\xE9j\xE0 vu attributes the feeling of having previously seen
• Ligne n°1042 : or experienced something to having dreamed about a similar situation or
Ligne n°1043 : place, and forgetting about it until one seems to be mysteriously ...

Ligne n°1055 : ... variety of experiences. Research by Harvard psychologist Deirdre
• Ligne n°1056 : Barrett has found that people who experience vivid dream-like mental
Ligne n°1057 : images reserve the word for these, whereas many other people refer to ...

Ligne n°1079 : ... definition distinguishes hallucinations from the related phenomena of
• Ligne n°1080 : dreaming, which does not involve wakefulness.


• Ligne n°1087 : A nightmare is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong negative
Ligne n°1088 : emotional response from the mind, typically fear or horror, but also ...

Ligne n°1088 : ... emotional response from the mind, typically fear or horror, but also
• Ligne n°1089 : despair, anxiety and great sadness. The dream may contain situations of
Ligne n°1090 : danger, discomfort, psychological or physical terror. Sufferers usually ...

Ligne n°1100 : ... feelings of terror or dread. Night terrors should not be confused with
• Ligne n°1101 : nightmares, which are bad dreams that cause the feeling of horror or
Ligne n°1102 : fear. ...


• Ligne n°1106 : * Cognitive neuroscience of dreams
Ligne n°1107 : * Dream art ...

Ligne n°1106 : ... * Cognitive neuroscience of dreams
• Ligne n°1107 : * Dream art
Ligne n°1108 : * Dream dictionary ...

Ligne n°1107 : ... * Dream art
• Ligne n°1108 : * Dream dictionary
Ligne n°1109 : * Dream pop ...

Ligne n°1108 : ... * Dream dictionary
• Ligne n°1109 : * Dream pop
Ligne n°1110 : * Dream sequence ...

Ligne n°1109 : ... * Dream pop
• Ligne n°1110 : * Dream sequence
Ligne n°1111 : * Dream speech ...

Ligne n°1110 : ... * Dream sequence
• Ligne n°1111 : * Dream speech
Ligne n°1112 : * Dream Yoga ...

Ligne n°1111 : ... * Dream speech
• Ligne n°1112 : * Dream Yoga
Ligne n°1113 : * Dreamcatcher ...

Ligne n°1112 : ... * Dream Yoga
• Ligne n°1113 : * Dreamcatcher
Ligne n°1114 : * Dreamwork ...

Ligne n°1113 : ... * Dreamcatcher
• Ligne n°1114 : * Dreamwork
Ligne n°1115 : * False awakening ...

Ligne n°1116 : ... * Incubus
• Ligne n°1117 : * Lilith, a Sumerian dream demon
Ligne n°1118 : * List of dream diaries ...

Ligne n°1117 : ... * Lilith, a Sumerian dream demon
• Ligne n°1118 : * List of dream diaries
Ligne n°1119 : * List of dreams ...

Ligne n°1118 : ... * List of dream diaries
• Ligne n°1119 : * List of dreams
Ligne n°1120 : * Mare (folklore) ...

Ligne n°1134 : ... 12 (2).
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Ligne n°1140 : ... 5. ^ Cherry, Kendra. (2015). "10 Facts About Dreams: What Researchers
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Ligne n°1150 : correlates with frontal theta activity in REM sleep". Social ...

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Ligne n°1502 : ... ^ Barrett, D. L. (1979). "The Hypnotic Dream: Its Content in
• Ligne n°1503 : Comparison to Nocturnal Dreams and Waking Fantasy". Journal of Abnormal
Ligne n°1504 : Psychology. 88 (5): 584-591. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.5.584. ...


• Ligne n°1523 : * Freud, Sigmund (1994). The interpretation of dreams. New York:
Ligne n°1524 : Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-679-60121-0. ...

Ligne n°1526 : ... Jung, Carl (1934). The Practice of Psychotherapy. "The Practical Use
• Ligne n°1527 : of Dream-analysis". New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 139-.
Ligne n°1528 : ISBN 978-0-7100-1645-4. ...


• Ligne n°1530 : Jung, Carl (2002). Dreams (Routledge Classics). New York: Routledge.
Ligne n°1531 : ISBN 978-0-415-26740-3. ...


• Ligne n°1533 : Harris, William V., Dreams and Experience in Classical Antiquity
Ligne n°1534 : (Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press, 2009). ...


• Ligne n°1536 : Bernard Dieterle, Manfred Engel (eds.): Writing the Dream / \xC9crire le
Ligne n°1537 : r\xEAve (= Cultural Dream Studies 1), W\xFCrzburg: K\xF6nigshausen & Neumann ...

Ligne n°1536 : ... Bernard Dieterle, Manfred Engel (eds.): Writing the Dream / \xC9crire le
• Ligne n°1537 : r\xEAve (= Cultural Dream Studies 1), W\xFCrzburg: K\xF6nigshausen & Neumann
Ligne n°1538 : 2017, ISBN 978-3-8260-6120-2. ...


• Ligne n°1540 : Bernard Dieterle, Manfred Engel (eds.): Theorizing the Dream / Savoir
Ligne n°1541 : et th\xE9ories du r\xEAve (= Cultural Dream Studies 2), W\xFCrzburg: ...

Ligne n°1540 : ... Bernard Dieterle, Manfred Engel (eds.): Theorizing the Dream / Savoir
• Ligne n°1541 : et th\xE9ories du r\xEAve (= Cultural Dream Studies 2), W\xFCrzburg:
Ligne n°1542 : K\xF6nigshausen & Neumann 2018, ISBN 978-3-8260-6443-2. ...


• Ligne n°1546 : Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dreaming.


• Ligne n°1548 : Wikiquote has quotations related to: Dream


• Ligne n°1550 : * Dreams on In Our Time at the BBC
Ligne n°1551 : * DreamCultures - research on the cultural and literary history of ...

Ligne n°1550 : ... * Dreams on In Our Time at the BBC
• Ligne n°1551 : * DreamCultures - research on the cultural and literary history of
Ligne n°1552 : the dream (with searchable database) ...

Ligne n°1551 : ... * DreamCultures - research on the cultural and literary history of
• Ligne n°1552 : the dream (with searchable database)
Ligne n°1553 : * LSDBase - an online sleep research database documenting the ...

Ligne n°1553 : ... * LSDBase - an online sleep research database documenting the
• Ligne n°1554 : physiological effects of dreams through biofeedback.
Ligne n°1555 : * Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism website ...

Ligne n°1555 : ... * Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism website
• Ligne n°1556 : * The International Association for the Study of Dreams
Ligne n°1557 : * Dream at Curlie ...

Ligne n°1556 : ... * The International Association for the Study of Dreams
• Ligne n°1557 : * Dream at Curlie
Ligne n°1558 : * Dixit, Jay (November 2007). "Dreams: Night School". Psychology ...

Ligne n°1561 : ... alt.dreams A long-running USENET forum wherein readers post and
• Ligne n°1562 : analyze each other's dreams.


• Ligne n°1568 : Dreams and oneirology
Ligne n°1569 : Phenomena ...

Ligne n°1569 : ... Phenomena
• Ligne n°1570 : * Lucid dream
Ligne n°1571 : * Pre-lucid dream ...

Ligne n°1570 : ... * Lucid dream
• Ligne n°1571 : * Pre-lucid dream
Ligne n°1572 : * Rapid eye movement sleep ...

Ligne n°1573 : ... * Non-rapid eye movement sleep
• Ligne n°1574 : * Rapture dream
Ligne n°1575 : * Recurring dream ...

Ligne n°1574 : ... * Rapture dream
• Ligne n°1575 : * Recurring dream
Ligne n°1576 : * Interobject ...

Ligne n°1576 : ... * Interobject
• Ligne n°1577 : * Anxiety dream
Ligne n°1578 : * Veridical dream ...

Ligne n°1577 : ... * Anxiety dream
• Ligne n°1578 : * Veridical dream
Ligne n°1579 : * False awakening ...

Ligne n°1580 : ... * Oneirogen
• Ligne n°1581 : * Dream speech
Ligne n°1582 : * Nightmare ...

Ligne n°1591 : ... * Oneironautics
• Ligne n°1592 : * Dreamwork
Ligne n°1593 : * Dream dictionary ...

Ligne n°1592 : ... * Dreamwork
• Ligne n°1593 : * Dream dictionary
Ligne n°1594 : * Dream art ...

Ligne n°1593 : ... * Dream dictionary
• Ligne n°1594 : * Dream art
Ligne n°1595 : * Dream diary ...

Ligne n°1594 : ... * Dream art
• Ligne n°1595 : * Dream diary
Ligne n°1596 : * Dream incubation ...

Ligne n°1595 : ... * Dream diary
• Ligne n°1596 : * Dream incubation
Ligne n°1597 : * Dream interpretation ...

Ligne n°1596 : ... * Dream incubation
• Ligne n°1597 : * Dream interpretation
Ligne n°1598 : * Dream sharing ...

Ligne n°1597 : ... * Dream interpretation
• Ligne n°1598 : * Dream sharing
Ligne n°1599 : * Dream yoga ...

Ligne n°1598 : ... * Dream sharing
• Ligne n°1599 : * Dream yoga
Ligne n°1600 : * Dream guide ...

Ligne n°1599 : ... * Dream yoga
• Ligne n°1600 : * Dream guide
Ligne n°1601 : * Embodied imagination ...

Ligne n°1602 : ... * Sleep medicine
• Ligne n°1603 : * Psychoanalytic dream interpretation
Ligne n°1604 : * Treating nightmares ...

Ligne n°1605 : ... * Activation-synthesis hypothesis
• Ligne n°1606 : * Cognitive neuroscience of dreams
Ligne n°1607 : * Oneiromancy ...

Ligne n°1668 : ... phenomena
• Ligne n°1669 : * Dream
Ligne n°1670 : * Exploding head syndrome ...

Ligne n°1673 : ... * Hypnic jerk
• Ligne n°1674 : * Lucid dream
Ligne n°1675 : * Nightmare ...

Ligne n°1699 : ... * Chronotype
• Ligne n°1700 : * Dream journal
Ligne n°1701 : * Excessive daytime sleepiness ...

Ligne n°1736 : ... Categories:
• Ligne n°1737 : * Dream
Ligne n°1738 : * Psychotherapy ...