Fichier de travail (INPUT) : ./DUMP-TEXT/1-12.txt

Encodage utilisé (INPUT) : utf-8

Forme recherchée : ( vie )|( life )|( vita )

• Ligne n°211 : The 4 biggest milestones in the history of life on Earth

Ligne n°230 : ... that geologists found what appear to be fossilized stromatolites in
• Ligne n°231 : 3.7-billion-year-old rocks in Greenland. That suggests life popped up
Ligne n°232 : on Earth ridiculously soon after the planet formed. And last we learned ...


• Ligne n°237 : Years ago, the study of life beyond Earth was called “exobiology” or
Ligne n°238 : even “bioastronomy,” and the field was derisively referred to as “the ...

Ligne n°245 : ... Still, it’s a field that requires a great deal of inference and
• Ligne n°246 : extrapolation. The one data point we have about life is what we see
Ligne n°247 : here on Earth. This is a good time to review some of the greatest ...

Ligne n°247 : ... here on Earth. This is a good time to review some of the greatest
• Ligne n°248 : milestones in the history of life on Earth. It’s an incredible tale.

Ligne n°252 : ... The first and most obvious milestone was the origin of life. The
• Ligne n°253 : details of that remain murky. Since life began, Earth has been
Ligne n°254 : transmogrified through cataclysmic events. The evidence of life’s ...


• Ligne n°272 : Confounding matters further, life may not have had a singular origin.
Ligne n°273 : It may have emerged multiple times in multiple places, and so ...

Ligne n°274 : ... incrementally that there may not have been a moment when non-life
• Ligne n°275 : became life. Kate Adamala, who studies the origin of life and now
Ligne n°276 : teaches at the University of Minnesota, told us, “Most likely there ...

Ligne n°277 : ... was never a single point in history when something clicked and you went
• Ligne n°278 : from no life to life. There was likely a very gradual and slow
Ligne n°279 : transition when there were more and more of those functions that we ...

Ligne n°285 : ... came first, the chicken or the egg, tell them neither. There was always
• Ligne n°286 : a precursor. Life is a process of modification and descent, rather than
Ligne n°287 : genesis. There was never a moment when an egg hatched a brand new thing ...


• Ligne n°291 : Once life got rolling, the Next Big Thing was photosynthesis, says J.
Ligne n°292 : William Schopf, a legendary paleobiologist at the University of ...

Ligne n°299 : ... became a major constituent of the air. That, in turn, enabled the
• Ligne n°300 : emergence of life that could use oxygen metabolically, which
Ligne n°301 : supercharged the complexity of Earthlife. ...

Ligne n°305 : ... The next big moment, Schopf said, was the appearance of sexual
• Ligne n°306 : reproduction roughly a billion years ago. Until then, life merely
Ligne n°307 : cloned itself. Sexual reproduction is a technique for mixing genetic ...


• Ligne n°313 : After that, life was off to the races, doing all kinds of crazy stuff,
Ligne n°314 : including colonizing land. You had some mass-extinction events ...

Ligne n°314 : ... including colonizing land. You had some mass-extinction events
• Ligne n°315 : (end-Permian, end-Creteacous, etc.), but life always found a way to
Ligne n°316 : rebound. ...


• Ligne n°318 : “There are only a few things in the history of life that matter. The
Ligne n°319 : Origin of life. The development of photosynthesis and the change in the ...

Ligne n°338 : ... If the structures found in Greenland are really fossilized microbial
• Ligne n°339 : mats, then life was fairly complex early in the planet’s history and
Ligne n°340 : likely originated soon after the planet formed and cooled. That can be ...

Ligne n°340 : ... likely originated soon after the planet formed and cooled. That can be
• Ligne n°341 : interpreted as a sign that life emerges quickly in general under the
Ligne n°342 : right conditions. But as Walker pointed out, we have to question some ...

Ligne n°343 : ... of our assumptions. We might expect that any planet with an intelligent
• Ligne n°344 : observer looking for the origin of life will likely be one in which
Ligne n°345 : life began early – because on such planets life has had a very long ...

Ligne n°344 : ... observer looking for the origin of life will likely be one in which
• Ligne n°345 : life began early – because on such planets life has had a very long


• Ligne n°345 : life began early – because on such planets life has had a very long
Ligne n°346 : time to evolve and diversify and give rise, eventually, to ...


• Ligne n°352 : With only one example of life – the stuff we see on Earth – we don’t
Ligne n°353 : really have a good, universally accepted definition of life. NASA some ...

Ligne n°353 : ... really have a good, universally accepted definition of life. NASA some
• Ligne n°354 : years ago defined life as “a self-sustaining chemical system capable of
Ligne n°355 : Darwinian evolution.” Not bad, but technically a single rabbit hopping ...


• Ligne n°358 : “I don’t think anyone has a definition of life that is universally
Ligne n°359 : agreed upon. The best we can do is describe some attributes of life – ...

Ligne n°358 : ... “I don’t think anyone has a definition of life that is universally
• Ligne n°359 : agreed upon. The best we can do is describe some attributes of life –
Ligne n°360 : and then someone will poke holes in that,” says Pamela Conrad, an ...