#Edit this page Wikipedia (en) copyright Wikipedia Atom feed Economy of Asia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010) Gnome globe current event.svg This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (July 2010) Economy of Asia During 2008 unless otherwise stated Population 4 billion (60% of the world) GDP Currency: US$18.515 trillion (2010) PPP: US$24.077 trillion (2010) GDP growth Per capita: 7.9% (2010)^[1] GDP per capita Currency: US$4,629 (2009) PPP: US$7,041 (2009) Millionaires (US$) 3 million (0.06%) Unemployment 3.8% (2010 est.) Most numbers are from the International Monetary Fund. All GDP figures are in US$. See also: Economy of the world – Economy of Africa – Economy of Asia – Economy of Europe – Economy of North America – Economy of Oceania – Economy of South America The economy of Asia comprises more than 4 billion people (60% of the world population) living in 46 different states. Six further states lie partly in Asia, but are considered to belong to another region economically and politically. Asia is the world's fastest growing economic region. China is the largest economy in Asia and the second largest economy in the world. As in all world regions, the wealth of Asia differs widely between, and within, states. This is due to its vast size, meaning a huge range of differing cultures, environments, historical ties and government systems. The largest economies in Asia in terms of both nominal and PPP gross domestic product (GDP) are the People's Republic of China, Japan, India, South Korea and Indonesia. Wealth (if measured by GDP per capita) is mostly concentrated in east Asian territories such as Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, as well in oil rich countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates. Asia, with the exception of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, is currently undergoing rapid growth and industrialization spearheaded by China and India - the two fastest growing major economies in the world. While east Asian and southeast Asian countries generally rely on manufacturing and trade for growth, countries in the Middle East depend more on the production of commodities, principally oil, for economic growth. Over the years, with rapid economic growth and large trade surplus with the rest of the world, Asia has accumulated over US$4 trillion of foreign exchange reserves - more than half of the world's total. Tokyo, Japan Manila, Philippines Hong Kong, China Mumbai, India Bangkok, Thailand Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Downtown, Singapore Contents * 1 Economic development + 1.1 Ancient and medieval times + 1.2 Pre-1945 + 1.3 1945-1990 + 1.4 1991-2007 + 1.5 Future * 2 Asian countries by GDP * 3 Trade blocs + 3.1 Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement + 3.2 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation + 3.3 Association of Southeast Asian Nations + 3.4 Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement + 3.5 Arab League + 3.6 Commonwealth of Independent States + 3.7 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation o 3.7.1 South Asia Free Trade Agreement * 4 Currency * 5 Economic sectors + 5.1 Primary sector + 5.2 Secondary sector + 5.3 Tertiary sector * 6 See also * 7 References [edit] Economic development [edit] Ancient and medieval times China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 A.D. China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east,^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia,^[6] attracting European commerce, exploration and colonialism. The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination. The Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. [edit] Pre-1945 Prior to World War II, most of Asia was under colonial rule. Only relatively few states managed to remain independent in the face of constant pressure exerted by European power. Such examples are China, Siam, and Japan. Japan in particular managed to develop its economy due to a reformation in the 19th century. The reformation was comprehensive and is today known as the Meiji Restoration. The Japanese economy continued to grow well into the 20th century and its economic growth created various shortages of resources essential to economic growth. As a result the Japanese expansion began with a great part of Korea and China annexed, thus allowing the Japanese to secure strategic resources. At the same time, Southeast Asia was prospering due to trade and the introduction of various new technologies of that time. The volume of trade continued to increase with the opening of the Suez Canal in the 1860s. Manila had its gallion or Manila galleon wherein products from the Philippines were traded to Europe. The Philippines was the first Asian country to trade with Latin America via Acapulco. Tobacco, coconut, corn, and sugar trade was the most in demand during that time. Singapore, founded in 1819, rose to prominence as trade between the east and the west increased at an incredible rate. The British colony of Malaya, now part of Malaysia, was the world's largest producer of tin and rubber. The Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia, on the other hand, was known for its spices production. Both the British and the Dutch created their own trading companies to manage their trade flow in Asia. The British created the British East India Company while the Dutch formed Dutch East India Company. Both companies maintained trade monopolies of their respective colonies. In 1908, crude oil was first discovered in Persia, modern day Iran. Afterwards, many oil fields were discovered and it was learnt later that the Mideast possesses the world's largest oil stocks. This made the rulers of the Arab nations very rich though the socioeconomic development in that region lagged behind. In the early 1930s, the world underwent a global economic depression, today known as the Great Depression. Asia was not spared, and suffered the same pain as Europe and the United States. The volume of trade decreased dramatically all around Asia and indeed the world. With falling demand, prices of various goods starting to fall and further impoverished locals and foreigners alike. In 1941, Japan invaded Malaya and thus began World War II in Asia. [edit] 1945-1990 Following World War II, the People's Republic of China and India, which account for half of the population of Asia, adopted socialist policies to promote their domestic economy. These policies limited the economic growth of the region. In contrast, the economies of superiors Japan, South Korea and the other tigers Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong -- were economic successes, and the only successful economies outside of North America, Western Europe and Australia. The Philippines from the post-World War II until the onset of the first People Power Revolution had the second largest economy in Asia. The Philippine economy during the mid-1980s was marked by stagnant growth as a result of political instability and incompetence of the succeeding Corazon Aquino government. One of the most pronounced Asian economic phenomenons during this time, the Japanese post-war economic miracle, greatly impacted the rest of the world. After World War II, under central guidance from the Japanese government, the entire economy was undergoing a remarkable restructuring. Close cooperation between the government, corporations and banks facilitated easy access to much-needed capital, and large conglomerates known as keiretsu spurred horizontal and vertical integration across all industries, keeping out foreign competition. These policies, in addition to an abandonment of military spending, worked phenomenally well. Japanese corporations as a result exported and still export massive amounts of high quality products from "the Land of the Rising Sun". Another amazing economic success story is that of South Korea's, also referred to as the Miracle on the Han River. The country was left impoverished after the Korean War, yet was able to recover at double digit percentiles. Many conglomerates, also known as Chaebols, such as Samsung, LG, Hyundai, Kia, SK, and more grew tremendously during this period. South Korea has now become the most wired country in the world. Taiwan and Hong Kong experienced rapid growth up till the 1990s. Taiwan became, and still remains one of the main centers of consumer electronics R&D as well as manufacturing. However, unlike in Japan and South Korea, the bulk of Taiwan's economy is dependent on small to medium sized businesses. Hong Kong, on the other hand, experienced rapid growth in the financial sector due to liberal market policies, with many financial institutions setting up their Asian headquarters in Hong Kong. Till today, Hong Kong has been ranked as the world's freest economy for many years running, and it remains among one of the world's top 5 leading financial centers. This period was also marked by military conflict. Wars driven by the Cold War, notably in Vietnam and Afghanistan, wrecked the economies of these respective nations. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1990-91, many Central Asian states were cut free and were forced to adapt to pressure for democratic and economic change. Also, several of the USSR's allies lost valuable aid and funding. [edit] 1991-2007 After the liberalization of the economy of India, the Indian economy coupled with the Chinese economy to power Asia into being one of the hotspots for world trade. The Chinese economy was already booming under the economic measures undertaken by Deng Xiaoping, in the 1980s, and continuing under Jiang Zemin in the 1990s. In 2007, China's economic growth rate exceeded 11% while India's growth rate increased to around 9%. One of the factors was the sheer size of the population in this region.^[citation needed]. Surprisingly, this size of population was considered as biggest reason for lack of growth of economy by both governmetns earlier and both countries have taken strong population control measures to improve their economy. Meanwhile, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore emerged as the Four Asian Tigers with their GDPs growing well above 7% per year in the 1980s and the 1990s. Their economies were mainly driven by growing exports. The Philippines only began to open up its stagnated economy in the early 1990s. Vietnam's economy began to grow in 1995, shortly after the United States and Vietnam restored economic and political ties. Throughout the 1990s, the manufacturing ability and cheap labor markets in Asian developing nations allowed companies to establish themselves in many of the industries previously dominated by companies from developed nations. Asia became one of the largest sources of automobiles, machinery, audio equipment and other electronics. At the end of 1997, Thailand was hit by currency speculators, and the value of the Baht along with its annual growth rate fell dramatically. Soon after, the crisis spread to Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and many other Asian economies, resulting in great economic damage on the affected countries (Japan largely escaped the crisis). In fact, some of the economies, most notably those of Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea actually contracted. This later would be known as the Asian financial crisis. By 1999, most countries had already recovered from the crisis. In 2004, parts of Sumatra and South Asia were severely damaged by an earthquake and the subsequent tsunami. The natural disaster wiped out huge amounts of infrastructure throughout the affected area and displaced millions. [edit] Future Asia's large economic disparities are a source of major continuing tension in the region.^[citation needed] While global economic powers China, Japan, India, and South Korea continue powering through, and Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Sri Lanka have entered the path to long-term growth, regions right next to these countries are in severe need of assistance. Given the large number cheap and amply available labor in the region, particularly in China and India, where large workforces provide an economical advantage over other countries, the rising standard of living will eventually lead to a slow-down. Asia is also riddled with political problems that threaten not just the economies, but the general stability of the region and world. The nuclear neighbors—Pakistan and India—constantly pose a threat to each other, causing their governments to heavily invest in military spending. Military intervention by the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan has also inflamed extremism and resulted in several terrorist attacks in a number of Asian countries. Another impending crisis is the depletion of oil reserves in the Middle East. Most of these economies have traditionally been over-dependent on oil and have had difficulty establishing another pillar in their economies. Yet another potential global danger posed by the economy of Asia is the growing accumulation of foreign exchange reserves. The countries/regions with the largest foreign reserves are mostly in Asia - China (Mainland - $2,454 billion & Hong Kong - $245 billion, June 2010), Japan ($1,019 billion, June 2009), Russia ($456 billion, April 2010), India ($284 billion, July 2010), Taiwan ($372 billion, September 2010), the Republic of Korea ($286 billion, July 2010), Singapore ($206 billion, July 2010). This increasingly means that the interchangeability of the Euro, USD, and GBP are heavily influenced by Asian central banks. Some economists in the western countries see this as a bad thing, prompting their respective governments to take action. The economies of Asia are expected to be unequally divided for a long period of time. East Asian nations such as economic leaders China, Japan and South Korea will continue to flourish. Japanese products such as Sony and Hitachi are commanding premium prices in the western world. South Korean conglomerates Samsung and LG are respectively the second and fifth largest in Asia in terms of annual revenues. These two rivaling countries are expected to be joined by new economic competitors such as China and India. On the other hand, the Middle East and a few parts of South East Asia will be in a state of trouble. According to the World Bank, China may become the largest economy in the world sometime between 2020 and 2030.^[7] [edit] Asian countries by GDP Main article: List of Asian countries by GDP This is a list of Asian countries sorted by their 2010 gross domestic product at market or government official exchange rates (nominal GDP) and PPP map is for year 2010. 2010 Nominal GDP and PPP list by the International Monetary Fund^[8] (sortable; in billions of $US) Country or territory GDP nominal millions of USD GDP PPP millions of USD GDP PPP per capita USD Location Asia 18,515 24,077 Afghanistan 16,631 29,616 1000 South Asia Armenia 8,830 17,086 6,400 West Asia Azerbaijan 52,166 90,074 8,634 West Asia Bahrain 21,733 29,663 37,200 West Asia Bangladesh 105,402 257,545 1,600 South Asia Bhutan 1,397 3,785 5,600 South Asia Brunei 11,963 19,925 51,800 Southeast Asia Burma 35,646 76,240 1,197 Southeast Asia Cambodia 11,360 29,811 2,000 Southeast Asia China (PRC) 6,998,257 11,711,708 7,518 East Asia Cyprus 22,752 23,017 28,381 West Asia East Timor 616 3,062 2,600 Southeast Asia Georgia 11,234 22,194 4,500 West Asia Hong Kong 226,485 322,486 29,826 East Asia India 1,847,966 4,679,392 3,417 South Asia Indonesia 706,735 1,029,884 3,900 Southeast Asia Iran 337,901 818,653 11,200 South Asia Iraq 84,136 115,330 3,600 West Asia Israel 201,254 218,490 29,500 West Asia Japan 5,885,872 4,319,432 32,817 East Asia Jordan 27,129 34,617 5,000 West Asia Kazakhstan 129,757 193,261 11,434 Central Asia North Korea 28,000 40,000 1,900 East Asia South Korea 1,007,084 1,459,246 30,200 East Asia Kuwait 117,316 138,099 38,293 West Asia Kyrgyzstan 4,444 11,772 2,162 Central Asia Laos 6,341 15,689 2,435 Southeast Asia Lebanon 39,149 59,906 15,331 West Asia Macau 22,100 18,470 59,451 East Asia Malaysia 218,950 412,302 14,603 Southeast Asia Maldives 1,433 1,755 5,483 South Asia Mongolia 5,807 10,252 3,727 East Asia Nepal 15,108 35,231 1,250 South Asia Oman 53,782 78,100 26,197 West Asia Pakistan 164,792 464,711 2,789 South Asia Papua New Guinea 8,809 14,930 2,302 Southeast Asia Philippines 199,591 351,370 3,725 Southeast Asia Qatar 126,518 149,995 88,232 West Asia Russia 1,884,079 2,222,957 15,807 North Asia Saudi Arabia 434,440 619,826 23,742 West Asia Singapore 217,377 291,712 57,238 Southeast Asia Sri Lanka 48,241 104,124 5,103 South Asia Syria 59,633 105,324 5,108 West Asia Taiwan (ROC) 426,984 810,487 34,743 East Asia Tajikistan 5,578 14,529 1,907 Central Asia Thailand 312,605 584,768 8,643 Southeast Asia Turkey 729,051 960,511 13,392 West Asia Turkmenistan 27,960 35,883 6,597 Central Asia United Arab Emirates 239,650 186,908 36,973 West Asia Uzbekistan 37,724 85,363 3,022 Central Asia Vietnam 101,987 275,639 2,793 Southeast Asia Yemen 30,023 63,329 2,595 West Asia [edit] Trade blocs [edit] Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement The Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), formerly called the Bangkok Agreement, is the only trade agreement bringing together China and India, in addition to Bangladesh and the Republic of Korea, among others. The Secretariat of the agreement is provided by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). While the agreement covers only a limited number of products, members agreed in 2009 to implement a Trade Facilitation Framework Agreement aimed at streamlining trade procedures between members. [edit] Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties. Although the initial intention was to create a free trade area covering all membership (which includes China, the United States and Australia, among others) this has failed to materialize. [edit] Association of Southeast Asian Nations The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political, economic, and cultural organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. Founded in 1967, its aim is to foster cooperation and mutual assistance among members. The countries meet annually every November in summits. The current member countries of ASEAN are Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, East Timor and Indonesia. Papua New Guinea is given an observer status. In 2005 ASEAN was instrumental in establishing the East Asia Summit (involving all ASEAN members plus China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand) which some have proposed may become in the future a trade bloc, the arrangements for which are far from certain and not yet clear. The Asian Currency Unit (ACU) is a proposed currency unit for the ASEAN "10+3" economic circle. (ASEAN, the mainland of the People's Republic of China, India, Japan, and South Korea). [edit] Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement The Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) is an economic agreement between the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong SAR government (signed on 29 June 2003), and the Macau SAR government (signed on 18 October 2003), in order to promote trade and investment facilitation. The main aims of CEPA are to eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barrier on substantially all the trade in goods between the three, and achieve liberalization of trade in services through reduction or elimination of substantially all discriminatory measures. [edit] Arab League The Arab League is an association of Arab countries in Africa and Asia. The Arab League facilitates political, economic, cultural, scientific and social programs designed to promote the interests of its member states. [edit] Commonwealth of Independent States Flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a confederation consisting of 12 of the 15 states of the former Soviet Union, both Asian and European (the exceptions being the three Baltic states). Although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is more than a purely symbolic organization and possesses coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking and security. The most significant issue for the CIS is the establishment of a full-fledged free trade zone / economic union between the member states, to be launched in 2005. It has also promoted cooperation on democratisation and cross-border crime prevention. [edit] South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an association of eight countries of South Asia, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan. These countries comprise an area of 5 130 746 km² and a fifth of the population of the world. SAARC encourages cooperation in agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, health, population control, narcotics control and anti-terrorism. [edit] South Asia Free Trade Agreement The South Asia Free Trade Agreement is an agreement reached at the 12th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation summit. It creates a framework for the creation of a free trade zone covering 1.6 billion people in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan and the Maldives. It came into effect on 1 January 2006. [edit] Currency This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on the talk page. (January 2010) Below is a list of the currencies of Asia, including all fully Asian states plus Russia, with exchange rates between each currency and both the Euro and US Dollars ^as of 9 December 2004. Country Currency worth in Euro worth in USD Central bank Afghanistan Afghani 0.0171287 0.0228157 Bahrain Bahraini Dinar 1.99136 2.65957 Central Bank of Bahrain Bangladesh Taka 0.0167723 Bangladesh Bank Bhutan Ngultrum 0.0170095 0.0226630 Brunei Brunei Dollar 0.455736 0.606944 Brunei Currency and Monetary Board Cambodia Riel 0.000305774 0.000260068 National Bank of Cambodia China * Mainland * Hong Kong * Macau Renminbi Hong Kong Dollar Macanese Pataca 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 People's Bank of China Hong Kong Monetary Authority Monetary Authority of Macao Taiwan New Taiwan Dollar 0.0233412 0.0310945 Central Bank of the Republic of China East Timor US Dollar 0.750803 1 India Indian Rupee .0175701 .0253710 Reserve Bank of India Indonesia Rupiah 0.0000819210 0.000109059 Bank Indonesia Iran Iranian Rial 0.0000847274 0.000112852 Central Bank of Iran Iraq Iraqi Dinar 0.000513340 0.000683737 Central Bank of Iraq Israel Sheqel 0.172654 0.229975 Bank of Israel Japan Yen 0.00718413 0.00956539 Bank of Japan Jordan Jordanian Dinar 1.06031 1.41243 Kazakhstan Tenge 0.00576997 0.00768610 National Bank of Kazakhstan North Korea North Korean Won 0.341229 0.454545 South Korea South Korean Won 0.000711045 0.000947424 Bank of Korea Kuwait Kuwaiti Dinar 2.54691 3.39425 Central Bank of Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstani Som 0.0181059 0.0241177 Laos Kip 0.0000692876 0.0000922935 Lebanon Lebanese Pound 0.000495695 0.000659979 Malaysia Ringgit 0.197525 0.263219 Bank Negara Malaysia Maldives Rufiyah 0.0637958 0.0849618 Mongolia Tugrik 0.000618514 0.000823723 Myanmar Kyat 0.135242 0.180112 Nepal Nepalese Rupee 0.0105153 0.0140041 Nepal Rastra Bank Oman Omani Rial 1.95241 2.60077 Pakistan Pakistani Rupee 0.0124665 0.0166064 State Bank of Pakistan Palestine Sheqel (Israeli) 0.17 0.23 Bank of Israel Philippines Philippine Peso 0.0133941 0.0178531 Philippine Central Bank Qatar Qatari Riyal 0.206213 0.274786 Russia Russian Ruble 0.0267806 0.0356723 Central Bank of the Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Saudi Riyal 0.200178 0.266660 Singapore Singapore Dollar 0.455762 0.607083 Monetary Authority of Singapore Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Rupee 0.00715451 0.00953107 Central Bank of Sri Lanka Syria Syrian Pound 0.0143770 0.0191527 Tajikistan Tajikistani Somoni 0.269553 0.359066 Thailand Baht 0.0189565 0.0252245 Bank of Thailand Turkmenistan Manat 0.000144365 0.000192306 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates dirham 0.204394 0.272301 Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Uzbekistani Som 0.000715188 0.000952628 Vietnam Dong 0.0000476064 0.0000634115 Yemen Yemeni Rial 0.00409130 0.00544959 Table correct as of 9 December 2004 (see [1] for latest) [edit] Economic sectors [edit] Primary sector Asia is by a considerable margin the largest continent in the world, and is rich in natural resources. The vast expanse of the former Soviet Union, particularly that of Russia, contains a huge variety of metals, such as gold, iron, lead, titanium, uranium, and zinc. These metals are mined, but inefficiently due to continued use of poorly maintained, obsolete machinery left over from the communist era. Nevertheless, profits are high due to a commodity price boom in 2003/2004 caused largely by increased demand in China. Oil is Southwest Asia's most important natural resource. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait are rich in oil reserves and have benefited from recent oil price escalations. Asia is home to some four billion people, and thus has a well established tradition in agriculture. High productivity in agriculture, especially of rice, allows high population density of many countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, southern China, Cambodia, India, and Vietnam. Agriculture constitutes a high portion of land usage in warm and humid areas of Asia. Many hillsides are farmed in a terrace method to boost arable land. The main agricultural products in Asia include rice and wheat. Opium is one of major cash crops in Central and Southeast Asia, particularly in Afghanistan, though its production is prohibited everywhere. Forestry is extensive throughout Asia except Southwest and Central Asia, with many of the items of furniture sold in the developed nations made out of Asian timber. Fishing is a major source of food, particularly in Japan. [edit] Secondary sector The manufacturing sector in Asia has traditionally been strongest in the East region - particularly in China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and Singapore. The industry varies from manufacturing cheap low value goods such as toys to high-tech added value goods such as computers, CD players, Games consoles, mobile phones and cars. Major Asian manufacturing companies are mostly based in either South Korea or Japan. They include Samsung, Hyundai, LG, and Kia from South Korea, and Sony, Toyota, Toshiba, and Honda from Japan. Many developed-nation firms from Europe, North America, Japan and South Korea have significant operations in the developing Asia to take advantage of the abundant supply of cheap labor. One of the major employers in manufacturing in Asia is the textile industry. Much of the world's supply of clothing and footwear now originates in Southeast Asia and South Asia, particularly in Vietnam, China, India, Thailand, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Indonesia. [edit] Tertiary sector A view of the Tidel Park in Chennai. Software industries of late, have been outsourced to Asian cities as such for good infrastructure, efficient man-power & cheap labour. Asia has seven important financial centers, located in Dubai, Bangalore, Mumbai, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Singapore and Tokyo. India has been one of the greatest beneficiaries of the economic boom. The country has emerged as one of the world's largest exporters of software and other information technology related services. World class Indian software giants such as Infosys, Hindustan Computers Limited, Wipro, Mahindra Satyam and Tata Consultancy Services have emerged as the world's most sought after service providers. Call centers are also becoming major employers in India and Philippines due to the availability of many well educated English speakers. Here again India holds close to 60% of the trade share. The rise of the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has seen the rise of India and China as the other financial centers. Experts believe that the current center of financial activity is moving toward "Chindia" - a name used for jointly referring to China and India - with Shanghai and Mumbai, Bangalore becoming major financial hubs in their own right. Other growing technological and financial hubs include Dhaka (Bangladesh), Chennai (India), New Delhi (India), Seoul (South Korea), Pune (India), Hyderabad (India), Shenzhen (China), Kolkata (India), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Karachi (Pakistan), Lahore (Pakistan), Metro Manila (Philippines), Cebu (Philippines) and Bangkok (Thailand). [edit] See also Portal icon Business and economics portal Portal icon Asia portal Overview * Asia * History of Asia * Geography of Asia * Commonwealth of Independent States * World economy * 1997 Asian Financial Crisis * Economy of East Asia GDP * List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (nominal) * List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP) * List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (nominal) per capita * List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP) per capita [edit] References 1. ^ IMF WEO Oct. 2010 Retrieved on October 15, 2010 2. ^ Professor M.D. Nalapat. Ensuring China's "Peaceful Rise". Accessed January 30, 2008. 3. ^ Dahlman, Carl J; Aubert, Jean-Eric. China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. WBI Development Studies. World Bank Publications. Accessed January 30, 2008. 4. ^ The Real Great Leap Forward. The Economist. Sept 30, 2004 5. ^ Chris Patten. Financial Times. Comment & Analysis: Why Europe is getting China so wrong. Accessed January 30, 2008. 6. ^ http://www.indianscience.org/essays/22-%20E--Gems%20&%20Minerals%20 F.pdf 7. ^ World Bank China Office Research Working Paper No. 9 - China Through 2020: A Macroeconomic Scenario 8. ^ International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010: Nominal GDP list of countries. * v * d * e Economy of Asia Sovereign states * Afghanistan * Armenia * Azerbaijan * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Bhutan * Brunei * Burma (Myanmar) * Cambodia * People's Republic of China * Cyprus * East Timor (Timor-Leste) * Egypt * Georgia * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Israel * Japan * Jordan * Kazakhstan * North Korea * South Korea * Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Lebanon * Malaysia * Maldives * Mongolia * Nepal * Oman * Pakistan * Philippines * Qatar * Russia * Saudi Arabia * Singapore * Sri Lanka * Syria * Tajikistan * Thailand * Turkey * Turkmenistan * United Arab Emirates * Uzbekistan * Vietnam * Yemen States with limited recognition * Abkhazia * Nagorno-Karabakh * Northern Cyprus * Palestine * Republic of China (Taiwan) * South Ossetia Dependencies and other territories * Christmas Island * Cocos (Keeling) Islands * Hong Kong * Macau * v * d * e Asia topics Culture · Demographics · Economy · Geography · History · Politics Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Asia&oldid=474969 594" Categories: * Economy of Asia * Economies by region Hidden categories: * Articles needing additional references from July 2010 * All articles needing additional references * Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2010 * All Wikipedia articles in need of updating * All articles with unsourced statements * Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008 * Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010 * Articles with obsolete information from January 2010 Personal tools * Log in / create account Namespaces * Article * Talk Variants Views * Read * Edit * View history Actions Search ____________________ (Submit) Search Navigation * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Cite this page Print/export * Create a book * Download as PDF * Printable version Languages * Français * 한국어 * Tiếng Việt * 中文 * This page was last modified on 4 February 2012 at 15:41. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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