Contextes de border pour le sens concret
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Historical military map of the border southern states. Phelps & Watson,
1866
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Union states, including those admitted during the war; light blue
represents border states; red represents Confederate states. Unshaded
areas were not states before or during the Civil War.
In the context of the American Civil War, the term border states refers
to slave states which did not declare their secession from the United
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North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia — after which, they were less
frequently called "border states". Also included as a border state
during the war is West Virginia, which broke away from Confederate
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In all the border states there was a wide consensus against military
coercion of the Confederacy. When Lincoln called for troops to march
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to the Union as well as the Confederate side,^[4]^[5] the split was
most severe in these border states, with men from the same family often
fighting on opposite sides.
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With geographic, social, political, and economic connection to both the
North and the South, the border states were critical to the outcome of
the war, and still delineate the cultural border that separates the
North from the South. Reconstruction, as directed by Congress, did not
apply to the border states, because they never left the union. They did
undergo their own process of readjustment and political realignment,
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Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to the border
states. Missouri, Maryland, and West Virginia all abolished slavery
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* 1 Background
* 2 The five border states
+ 2.1 Delaware
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contrast to the unanimity of the seven cotton states in the lower
South, the border slave states were bitterly divided about secession
and were not eager to leave the Union. Border Unionists hoped that some
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[edit] The five border states
Each of these five states shared a border with the free states and were
aligned with the Union. All but Delaware also share borders with states
that joined the Confederacy.
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west differences, the specter of secession raised new issues for the
northwest. This section^[22] shared a 450-mile (720 km) border with
Ohio and Pennsylvania and, by virtue of the state’s failure to build
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replaced by Union men. This restored Virginia government then would
approve the creation of a new state within Virginia's old borders.
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2. ^ "From February into the late spring, North Carolina, Virginia,
Tennessee, and Arkansas were considered border states" says David
Stephen Heidler et al, eds. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War
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* Thomas, William G., III. "The Border South." Southern Spaces, April
16, 2004, http://southernspaces.org/2004/border-south.