Contextes de border pour le sens concret
Specialist jurisdiction National border patrol, security, and
integrity.
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o 2.2.3 Tucson Sector's Operation Safeguard
+ 2.3 Northern border
+ 2.4 Border Patrol moves away from interior enforcement
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Mounted watchmen of the United States Immigration Service patrolled the
border in an effort to prevent illegal crossings as early as 1904, but
their efforts were irregular and undertaken only when resources
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Exclusion Act of 1882. These patrolmen were Immigrant Inspectors,
assigned to inspection stations, and could not watch the border at all
times. U.S. Army troops along the southwest border performed
intermittent border patrolling, but this was secondary to "the more
serious work of military training." Non-nationals encountered illegally
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United States Department of Labor to prevent illegal entries along the
Mexico–United States border and the United States-Canada border. The
first two border patrol stations were in El Paso, Texas and Detroit,
Michigan.^[1] Additional operations were established along the Gulf
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of entry. The Border Patrol also operates 33 permanent interior
checkpoints along the southern border of the United States.
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patrolling the 6,000 miles (9,700 km) of Mexican and Canadian
international land borders and 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of coastal waters
surrounding the Florida Peninsula and the island of Puerto Rico. Agents
are assigned primarily to the Mexico–United States border, where they
are assigned to control drug trafficking and illegal immigration.^[3]
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stations operated by the USBP within 100 miles (160 km) of a national
border (with Mexico or Canada) or in the Florida Keys.^[5]
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entries resulting in apprehensions, but would instead be forward
deployed to the border, immediately detecting any attempted entries or
deterring crossing at a more remote location. The idea was that it
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A Border Patrol Jeep stands watch over the U.S.-Mexico border at San
Ysidro, California.
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Sector.^[citation needed] In addition, Congressman Duncan Hunter
obtained surplus military landing mats to use as a border
fence.^[citation needed] Stadium lighting, ground sensors and infra-red
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[edit] Northern border
In 2001, the Border Patrol had approximately 340 agents assigned along
the Canada – United States border border. Northern border staffing had
been increased by 1,128 agents to 1,470 agents by the end of fiscal
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The northern border sectors are Blaine (Washington), Buffalo (New
York), Rochester (New York), Detroit (Selfridge ANGB, Michigan), Grand
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In the 1990s, Congress mandated that the Border Patrol shift agents
away from the interior and focus them on the borders.
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between the port of entry, transportation check, and entries on U.S.
coastal borders. DHS management decided to align the Border Patrol with
CBP. CBP itself is solely responsible for the nation's ports of entry,
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strategy.^[6] The goal of this updated strategy is operational control
of the United States border. The strategy has five main objectives:
1. Apprehend terrorists and terrorist weapons illegally entering the
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contraband;
4. Use "smart border" technology; and
5. Reduce crime in border communities, improving quality of life.
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The border is a barely discernible line in uninhabited deserts,
canyons, or mountains. The Border Patrol utilizes a variety of
equipment and methods, such as electronic sensors placed at strategic
locations along the border, to detect people or vehicles entering the
country illegally. Video monitors and night vision scopes are also used
to detect illegal entries. Agents patrol the border in vehicles, boats,
aircraft, and afoot. In some areas, the Border Patrol employs horses,
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terrorists, undocumented aliens and smugglers of aliens at or near the
land border by maintaining surveillance from a covert position;
following up on leads; responding to electronic sensor, television
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Traffic checks are conducted on major highways leading away from the
border to detect and apprehend illegal aliens attempting to travel
further into the interior of the United States after evading detection
at the border, and to detect illegal narcotics.^[2]
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Florida, and Puerto Rico and interior waterways common to the United
States and Canada. Border Patrol conducts border control activities
from 130 marine craft of various sizes. The Border Patrol maintains
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linewatch.^[2] Snowmobiles are used to patrol remote areas along the
northern border in the winter.
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Arizona to discuss more options that would decrease illegal crossings
at the U.S. and Mexican border. In his proposed fiscal year 2007 budget
he has requested an additional 1,500 Border Patrol agents.
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2008. Ultimately, the United States seeks to put fencing around the
1,945-mile (3,130 km) border, but the act requires only 700 miles
(1,100 km) of fencing. DHS secretary Michael Chertoff has bypassed
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and endanger the indigenous species of the area.^[12] Environmentalists
claim that the ecosystem could be affected because a border fence would
restrict movement of all animal species, which in turn would keep them
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Citizens also fear that communities will be split. Many students travel
over the border every day to attend classes at the University of Texas
at Brownsville. Brownsville mayor Pat Ahumada favors alternative
options to a border fence. He suggests that the Rio Grande River be
widened and deepened to provide for a natural barrier to hinder illegal
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States and Puerto Rico and interior waterways common to the
United States and Canada, the Border Patrol conducts border
control activities from the decks of marine craft of various
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weapon because it did not jam in harsh conditions, like those of the
southwestern border, and also because of the strong "stopping" power of
the .357 Magnum cartridge. Although up until 1994 Patrol Agents could
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The U.S. Border Patrol has 205 horses As of 2005^[update]. Most are
employed along the Mexico–United States border. In Arizona, these
animals are fed special processed feed pellets so that their wastes do
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The Border Patrol has suffered more in the line of duty deaths than any
other federal law enforcement agency since the patrolling of the border
began in 1904. On a daily basis Patrol Agents work in wilderness areas
along the United States international border in areas notorious for
alien smuggling, narcotics smuggling, and banditry.
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On August 7, 2008, Mexican troops crossed the border into Arizona and
held a U.S. Border Patrol Agent at gunpoint. Agents stationed at Ajo,
Arizona said that the Mexican soldiers crossed the border into an
isolated area southwest of Tucson and pointed rifles at the agent, who
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On numerous occasions Patrol Agents have been fired upon from the
Mexican side of the international border. Intelligence gathering has
discovered bounties being placed on Patrol Agents to be paid by
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stones at them.^[26] They also claimed that Hernandez was trying to
cross the U.S border and that he had already tried to do so in the
past^[citation needed].
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Mexican nationals, including the 14-year-old Hernandez, at the hands of
US border police: "I demand the United States government conduct a
thorough, impartial ... investigation, concluding with an establishment
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film interviews people that deal with illegal immigration on a daily
basis, as well as local citizens living in the border areas.
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review board will make the American public aware of the "serious
problem of abuse that exists at the border by making this review
process public" and that "illegal immigrants deserve the same
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1996, with the "vast majority" of complaints emanating from the
southwest border region, but that of the 2,300 cases, the 243 cases
of serious allegations of abuse were down in 1997. These serious
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* Borderline, a 1950 film noir starring Fred MacMurray about drug
smuggling across the U.S./Mexico border
* Border Patrol, a 1959 syndicated television series, starring
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* Borderline, a 1980 movie starring Charles Bronson about a Border
Patrol Agent on the U.S./Mexico border
* The Border, a 1982 film starring Jack Nicholson
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killing of an unnamed Immigration Inspector (played by Larry Holt)
across the border in Mexico.
* Men in Black, a 1997 science fiction comedy action film starring
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* The Gatekeeper, a 2002 film by John Carlos Frey about the struggles
of migrants at the Mexican/US border.
* The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada, a 2005 film by Tommy Lee
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1. ^
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/border_pat
rol_sectors/detroit_sector_mi/detroit_welcome.xml
--
and Boarder Protection. 2008-08-22.
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/border_pat
rol_ohs/overview.xml. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
--
Boarder Protection. 2008-09-03.
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/who_we_are
.xml. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
4. ^ Gaynor, Tim (2008-01-23). "U.S. turns to horses to secure
borders". Reuters.
http://www.reuters.com/article/inDepthNews/idUSN2323280820080124?fe
--
6. ^
http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/n
ational_bp_strategy.ctt/national_bp_strategy.pdf^[dead link]
--
http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/06/03/20100603brewer-ob
ama-discuss-border.html.
9. ^ Coyle, Marcia (2008-03-03). "Waivers for border fence challenged:
Environmental groups take their complaints to Supreme Court". The
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10. ^ Archibold, Randal C. (2008-04-02). "Government issues waiver for
fencing along border". New York Times.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/02/us/02fence.html. Retrieved
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11. ^ "Conservation groups call for an immediate halt to construction
of border fence in San Pedro National Conservation Area". US
Newswire. 2007-10-05.
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Geographic World: p. 4.
13. ^ Cohn, Jeffrey P. (2007). "The environmental impacts of a border
fence". BioScience 57 (1): 96. doi:10.1641/B570116.
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2009-06-01.
14. ^ "Expansive border fence stirs fights over land". Tell Me More.
NPR. 2008-03-03.
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16. ^
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/border_pat
rol_ohs/overview.xml
--
http://www.odmp.org/agency/4830-united-states-department-of-homelan
d-security---customs-and-border-protection---border-patrol-u.s.-gov
ernment. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
22. ^ Meyers, Jim (2008-08-06). "Mexican troops cross border, hold
border agent". Newsmax.com. Archived from the original on August
22, 2008.
http://web.archive.org/web/20080822095841/http://www.newsmax.com/in
sidecover/mexican_troops_border/2008/08/06/119516.html. Retrieved
2009-06-01.
--
Retrieved 2009-06-01.
26. ^ ^a ^b "U.S. border agent kills Mexican teen". Toronto Sun.
2010-06-09.
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Retrieved 2010-07-01.
27. ^ "Mexico urges US probe of border deaths". Sydney Morning Herald.
2010-06-11.
http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/mexico-urges-us-probe-of
-border-deaths-20100611-y0yc.html. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
28. ^ "Video Fuels Anger Over Mexico Border Shooting". Sky News.
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31. ^ Jesus A. Trevino (1998). "Border violence against illegal
immigrants and the need to change the border patrol's current
complaint review process" (PDF). Houston Journal of International
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2009-06-01.
32. ^ United States of America: Human rights concerns in the border
region with Mexico. Amnesty International. 1998-05-19. Archived
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33. ^ Huspek, Michael; Roberto Martinez, and Leticia Jimenez (1998).
"Violations of human and civil rights on the U.S.-Mexico border,
1995 to 1997: a report" (Reprint). Social Justice 25 (2).
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1996, with the "vast majority" of complaints emanating from the
southwest border region. Over 2,300 complaints were filed in 1997
as opposed to the 1,813 complaints filed in 1996. Another 400
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entrant". Arizona Daily Star. 2005-06-23.
http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/border/81082.php June 23, 2005.
Retrieved 2009-06-01.
--
Arizona Daily Star. 2005-09-22.
http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/border/94491.php. Retrieved
2009-06-01.
36. ^ ^a ^b "U.S. border agent indicted". Arizona Daily Star.
2005-03-11. http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/border/65117.php. Retrieved
2009-06-01.
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* Borderlands and Bordered Lands - An American history public radio
program explores the history of the US/Mexico border; includes an
interview with an expert on the history of the US Border Patrol
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Human trafficking · Labor shortage · People smuggling · US-Mexico
border · Economic impact · Population · Guest worker program
Proposed legislation