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Afrobeat

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   [13]removed. (September 2008)

   Afrobeat is a combination of [14]Yoruba music, [15]jazz, [16]highlife,
   and [17]funk [18]rhythms, fused with [19]percussion and [20]vocal
   styles, popularized in [21]Africa in the 1970s. Its main creator was
   the [22]Nigerian multi-[23]instrumentalist and [24]bandleader [25]Fela
   Kuti who used it to revolutionise musical structure as well as the
   political context in his native Nigeria. It was Kuti who coined the
   term "afrobeat" upon his return from a U.S. tour with his group Nigeria
   70 (formerly Koola Lobitos).

   The new sound hailed from a club that he established called the
   Afro-Shrine. Upon arriving in Nigeria, Kuti also changed the name of
   his group to Fela Ransome-Kuti & Africa 70. The band maintained a
   five-year residency in the Afro-Shrine from 1970 to 1975 while afrobeat
   thrived among Nigerian youth. Afrobeat is now one of the most
   recognisable music genres in the world and has influenced as many
   Western musicians as it has African ones with its exuberant style and
   polyrhythms.

   Contents

        * [26]1 Origins
        * [27]2 Influence
        * [28]3 Instrumentation
        * [29]4 Today
        * [30]5 External links

[[31]edit] Origins

   Afrobeat originated from the southern part of [32]Nigeria in the 1960s
   where Kuti experimented with many different forms of contemporary music
   of the time. Prevalent in him and Lagbaja's music are native African
   harmonies and rhythms, taking different elements and combining,
   modernizing and improvising upon them. [33]Politics are essential to
   afrobeat, since founder Kuti used social criticism to pave the way for
   social change. His message can be described as confrontational and
   controversial, which can be related to the political climate of most of
   the African countries in the 1960s, many of which were dealing with
   political injustice and military corruption while recovering from the
   transition from colonial governments to self-determination. As the
   genre spread throughout the African continent many bands took up the
   style. The recordings of these bands and their songs were rarely heard
   or exported outside the originating countries but many can now be found
   on compilation albums and CDs from specialist record shops.

[[34]edit] Influence

   Many jazz musicians have been attracted to afrobeat. From [35]Roy Ayers
   in the seventies to [36]Randy Weston in the nineties, there have been
   collaborations which have resulted in albums such as Africa: Centre of
   the World by Roy Ayers, released on the Polydor label in 1981. In 1994
   [37]Branford Marsalis, the American jazz saxophonist, included samples
   of Fela's "Beast of No Nation" on his Buckshot leFonque album. The new
   generation of DJs and musicians of the 2000s who have fallen in love
   with both Kuti's material and other rare releases have made
   compilations and remixes of these recordings, thus re-introducing the
   genre to new generations of listeners and fans of afropop and groove.

   Afrobeat has profoundly influenced important contemporary producers and
   musicians like [38]Brian Eno and [39]David Byrne, who credit Fela Kuti
   as an essential muse. Both worked on [40]Talking Heads'
   highly-acclaimed 1980 album [41]Remain In Light which brought
   polyrhythmic afrobeat influences to Western music. More recently, the
   horn section of [42]Antibalas have been guest musicians on [43]TV On
   The Radio's highly-acclaimed 2008 album [44]Dear Science, as well as on
   British band [45]Foals' 2008 album [46]Antidotes.

[[47]edit] Instrumentation

   Big band (15 to 30 pieces: Fela-era afrobeat) and energetic
   performances
     * Lead vocals (may play sax/key solos as well)
     * Chorus vocals (may include horn players)
     * Rhythm guitar(s) (plays funk strumming pattern)
     * Tenor guitar (plays a finger-picked osinato groove)
     * [48]Bass guitar
     * [49]Drum set, generally in the form [50]polyrhythmic percussion
     * Saxophone(s)
     * Trumpet(s)
     * Trombone(s)
     * Organ/keyboards
     * Rhythm [51]conga #1
     * Rhythm [52]conga #2
     * Solo (lead) [53]conga
     * [54]Akuba: a set of 3 small stick-hit congas (play
       flourishes/solos, and ostinatos). Also mistakenly called "gbedu".
     * "Sticks"/[55]claves (plays ostinato)
     * [56]Shekere

[[57]edit] Today

   There are several active afrobeat bands worldwide today.

   Modern afrobeat bands/artistes include:
     * [58]Kokolo (band), New York City Afrobeat group formed by
       songwriter/producer Ray Lugo
     * [59]Odu Afrobeat Orchestra, [60]Detroit based group led by Adeboye
       Adegbenro, who used to sit in with [61]Fela Kuti when he lived in
       [62]Lagos, [63]Nigeria.
     * [64]Nomo, [65]Ann Arbor based group that weaves various styles into
       a primarily Afrobeat sound.
     * [66]Chicago Afrobeat Project Chicago based collective that uses
       afrobeat as a springboard and has an incendiary live show.
     * [67]Afrodizz, an eight-piece band from [68]Montreal, [69]Canada
       formed by jazz guitarist Gabriel Aldama
     * [70]The Afromotive, an Asheville, NC based multiracial seven-piece
       afrobeat band featuring thirty-third generation djembe player Adama
       Dembele from Cote d`Ivoire, West Africa.
     * [71]Tony Allen, the man who held the drum chair during Fela's
       productive "Africa 70" phase, and whose drumming was, according to
       [72]James Brown's autobiography, the influence behind his
       'discovery' of funk.^[[73]citation needed]
     * [74]Antibalas, [75]Brooklyn, New York based multiracial Afrobeat
       Orchestra formed by baritone saxophonist Martin Perna
     * [76]Aphrodesia, San Francisco based group, first American group to
       perform with Femi Kuti at The Shrine in Lagos, Nigeria.
     * [77]Ayetoro, a group led by Nigerian pianist/composer [78]Funsho
       Ogundipe
     * [79]Bebe cool lives in Uganda famous for his reggea mixed with
       luganda pop and English making an Afrobeat rhythm in Uganda known
       as Luga flow.He also lives in kampala.
     * [80]Chopteeth, an international 14 piece outfit based in Washington
       D.C., with former members of Busta Rhymes, The Temptations, The
       Four Tops, and Gladys Knight & the Pips.
     * [81]Femi Kuti (Fela's first son and a saxophonist) and the Positive
       Force
     * [82]Seun Kuti (another of Kuti's sons, saxophonist now fronting his
       father's last and late band)
     * [83]Dele Sosimi's Gbedu Resurrection Dele is a former keyboardist
       and musical director of Fela's band. He cofounded Femi Kuti's
       Positive Force.
     * [84]Zozo Afrobeat A thirteen-member group based in NYC, founded by
       Kaleta, former Fela guitarist.
     * [85]Baba Ken and the Afro-Groove Connexion Oakland based
       multiracial afrobeat ensemble led by Nigerian bassist, Baba Ken
       Okulolo, founding member of the seminal 1970's afrofunk/afrorock
       band, Monomono.
     * [86]Jose Chameleone famous in East, central and South Africa.He
       stays and live is Uganda in kampala city.He sing pop and Afro beat
       music.He is one of the most famous artists of Afro beat in Africa
       and the whole world.
     * [87]Afrobeat Down Los Angeles based Afrobeat ensemble (est. 2002)
       working with former Fela Africa '70 member and catalyst of entire
       afrobeat movement, Sandra Izsadore.
     * [88]Weird MC Rap artiste who occasionally experinments with
       Afrobeat rhythm.
     * [89]Vibe Squad A Ghanaian music crew formed by EaZZY Da Opemfour
       made of Prego, Culchar, Wizzy Wii and Richie.
     * [90]Gnl zamba rap artist in Uganda one of the most successful rap
       afrobeat star in East Africa and central Africa.He is known for his
       rhythm of 2 pac shakur
     * [91]Mr. Something Something Canadian afrobeat group
     * [92]Crime Scene Infunkstigation A 10-piece Afrobeat/Funk/Hip Hop
       group based out of Calgary, AB

[[93]edit] External links

     * [94]KOKOLO on Myspace
     * [95]KOKOLO on YouTube
     * [96]KOKOLO Official Homepage
     * [97]The Afrobeat Blog
     * [98]The Unofficial Seun Kuti Fan-Site - Unofficial fan-site for
       Seun Kuti & Egypt 80 with news, videos, music, pictures and much
       more]
     * [99]The Shrine The Unofficial Website for Fela Kuti, Femi Kuti and
       Afrobeat Music
     * [100]BBC Afrobeat Documentary
     * [http:www.baokutcr.com]


                        [101]v  o  [102]d  o  [103]e
   Genres of [104]African popular music

   Afrobeat · [105]Apala · [106]Benga · [107]Bikutsi · [108]Cape Jazz ·
   [109]Chimurenga · [110]Fuji · [111]Highlife · [112]Hiplife ·
   [113]Isicathamiya · [114]Jit · [115]Jùjú · [116]Kizomba · [117]Kuduro ·
   [118]Kwaito · [119]Kwela · [120]Makossa · [121]Maloya ·
   [122]Marrabenta · [123]Mbalax · [124]Mbaqanga · [125]Mbube ·
   [126]Morna · [127]Palm-wine · [128]Raï · [129]Sakara · [130]Sega ·
   [131]Soukous/Congo/Lingala/Rumba · [132]Taarab

   [133]v  o  [134]d  o  [135]e
   [136]Funk music
   [137]Acid jazz o Afrobeat o [138]Brit funk o [139]Funk metal o
   [140]Deep Funk o [141]Drumfunk o [142]Free funk o [143]Funkcore o
   [144]Funktronica o [145]Funk rock o [146]G-funk o [147]Go-go o
   [148]Jazz-funk o [149]Liquid funk o [150]Neurofunk o [151]Nu-funk o
   [152]P-Funk o [153]Post-disco o [154]Punk-funk o [155]Skweee
   Related
   [156]List of funk musicians o [157]Minneapolis sound
   Retrieved from "[158]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat"
   [159]Categories: [160]Funk genres | [161]African American music in
   Africa
   Hidden categories: [162]Articles lacking sources from September 2008 |
   [163]All articles lacking sources | [164]All articles with unsourced
   statements | [165]Articles with unsourced statements from July 2007

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 195. http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat
 196. http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat
 197. http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88
 198. http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat
 199. http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat
 200. http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat
 201. http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrobeat
 202. http://www.mediawiki.org/
 203. http://wikimediafoundation.org/
 204. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License
 205. http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use
 206. http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/
 207. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us
 208. http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy
 209. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About
 210. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer

   Liens cachés :
 211. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
 212. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/