Memory
   For other uses, see Memory (disambiguation).
   learning o memory
   In psychology, memory is an organism's mental ability to store, retain
   and recall information. Traditional studies of memory began in the
   the memory. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century put memory
          + 3.1 Multi-store (Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model)
          + 3.2 Working memory
     * 9 Improving memory
     * 10 Memory tasks
   in the formation and retrieval of memory:
   A basic and generally accepted classification of memory is based on
   the duration of memory retention, and identifies three distinct types
   of memory: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory.
   Sensory memory corresponds approximately to the initial 200 - 500
   observation, or memorization, is an example of sensory memory. With
   exploring this form of sensory memory were conducted by George
   capacity of sensory memory was approximately 12 items, but that it
   this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the
   report" procedure) before they decayed. This type of memory cannot be
   Short-term memory allows one to recall something from several seconds
   conducted experiments showing that the store of short term memory was
   Modern estimates of the capacity of short-term memory are lower,
   typically on the order of 4-5 items, and we know that memory capacity
   Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for
   Olin Levi Warner, Memory (1896). Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson
   The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally have a
   indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger
   suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory. On the other hand,
   this information is said to be stored in long-term memory. While
   short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory
   Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal
   the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory,
   memory, and there will be a very short attention span. Furthermore, it
   can be shown that memory depends on getting sufficient sleep between
   Models of memory provide abstract representations of how memory is
   whether there are several memory structures, for example, Tarnow
   (2005) finds that it is likely that there is only one memory structure
[edit] Multi-store (Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model)
   The multi-store model (also known as Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model)
   For instance, long-term memory is believed to be actually made up of
   multiple subcomponents, such as episodic and procedural memory. It
   The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit
   memory can be broken up into different units such as visual
   KF was brain damaged and had problems with his short term memory. He
   (See also: Memory consolidation)
[edit] Working memory
   The working memory model.
   In 1974 Baddeley and Hitch proposed a working memory model which
   replaced the concept of general short term memory with specific,
   active components. In this model, working memory consists of three
   and chronological ordering (e.g., the memory of a story or a movie
   memory and semantical meaning.
   The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as
   processing that affects how an experience is stored in memory, rather
   Anderson (1976)^[4] divides long-term memory into declarative
   Declarative memory requires conscious recall, in that some conscious
   explicit memory, since it consists of information that is explicitly
   Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory,
   memory, which concerns information specific to a particular context,
   such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of
   France". Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal
   of a particular place or time. Autobiographical memory - memory for
   either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory. Visual memory
   is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses
   pertaining to visual experience. One is able to place in memory
   of a mental image. Visual memory can result in priming and it is
   In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on
   Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and
   should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revealed when
   aspects of those previous experiences. Procedural memory involved in
   Topographic memory is the ability to orient oneself in space, to
   failure of topographic memory. This is often reported among elderly
   orientation, and memory.^[6]
   A further major way to distinguish different memory functions is
   memory, or whether the content is to be remembered in the future,
   prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes
   semantic memory and episodic/autobiographical memory. In contrast,
   prospective memory is memory for future intentions, or remembering to
   remember (Winograd, 1988). Prospective memory can be further broken
   memory.
   Overall, the mechanisms of memory are not completely understood.^[7]
   memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in
   thought to be involved in emotional memory. Damage to certain areas in
   patients and animal models and subsequent memory deficits is a primary
   deficit. Further, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its
   Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses,
   Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He
   postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a
   long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later
   proves that excitement enhances memory by the stimulation of hormones
   prolonged cortisol) may hurt memory storage. Patients with amygdalar
   memory. The hippocampus is also important for memory consolidation.
   memory loss and problems with memory storage^[8].
   Much of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory
   disorders. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. There are many sorts of
   memory systems, and thus hypothesize their function in the normally
   disease can also affect memory and cognition. Hyperthymesia, or
   autobiographical memory, essentially meaning that they cannot forget
   syndrome, is an organic brain disease that adversely affects memory.
   from memory is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Sufferers of Nominal
   researchers have found that memory accuracy of adults is hurt by the
   Emotion can have a powerful impact on memory. Numerous studies have
[edit] Improving memory
   The best way to improve memory seems to be to increase the supply of
   small meals a day promotes a healthy memory by preventing dips in
[edit] Memory tasks
     * Autobiographical memory
     * Cellular memory
     * Cultural memory
     * Eidetic memory
     * Emotion and memory
     * Episodic memory
     * False memory syndrome
     * Genetic memory
     * Involuntary memory
     * List of memory biases
     * Memory and aging
     * Memory inhibition
     * Memory-prediction framework
     * Muscle memory
     * Politics of memory
    1. ^ Conrad, R. (1964). Acoustic Confusions in Immediate Memory.
       similarity on long-term memory for word sequences. Quart. J. exp.
       working memory? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4, 417-23.
    4. ^ Anderson, J.R. (1976). Language, Memory and Thought. Mahwah, NJ:
   10. ^ Smell of Roses May Improve Memory. Reuters, March 12, 2007.
       Tell Us About Memory and Cognitive Functioning. Current Directions
   15. ^ "International Longevity Center report on memory" (PDF).
   17. ^ memory:: Recall - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
   18. ^ memory:: Recognition - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
       Synaptic Plasticity and Memory. Cell, Vol 129, 195-206, 6 April.
   Memory
   Sister project Look up memory in
     * Memory-related resources from the National Institutes of Health.
     * Aristotle's On Memory and Reminiscence
     * The World Memory Sports Council Information about the World Memory
     * Learning & Memory - online, peer-reviewed journal with many free
     * WNYC - Radio Lab: Memory and Forgetting Show #304 Friday, June 8,
     * Learning disabilities and memory
     * ABC News: Woman With Perfect Memory Baffles Scientists
   Neurophysiology - Memory
   Long-term memory
   Implicit memory: Procedural memory - Classical conditioning
   Explicit/declarative memory: Episodic memory - Semantic memory
   Short-term memory
   Working memory
   Sensory memory   
   Visual memory · Iconic memory · Echoic memory
   Reflex - Sensation - Sleep - Neurotransmission - Memory
   Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory"
   Categories: Memory | Neuropsychological assessment