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Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds * 0:05 Social Movement * 0:53 Alternative Social Movement * 1:57 Redemptive Social Movement * 3:00 Reformative Social Movement * 4:20 Revolutionary Social Movement * 5:32 Lesson Summary Save Save Save Want to watch this again later? Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Log in or Sign up Timeline Autoplay [ ] Autoplay Speed * Speed Audio mode 219K views * * * Create an account 1. 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Social movements can occur at the individual level or the societal level and can advocate for either minor or radical changes. This lesson will cover four kinds of social movements: alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary. Social Movement A social movement is a large group of people who are organized to promote or resist some social change. A social movement is typically based upon two factors - first, whom the movement is trying to change, and second, how much change a movement is advocating. Social movements can occur at the individual level or at the societal level, and they can advocate for either minor or radical changes. In 1966, cultural anthropologist David F. Aberle identified four kinds of social movements: alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary. In this lesson, we will discuss these social movements in terms of promoting social change. Alternative Social Movements Alternative movements are do-it-yourself efforts that seek to change some aspects of an individual's behavior. CAPTION: The It Can Wait campaign is an example of an alternative social movement. Alternative Social Movement AT&T's 'It Can Wait' public awareness campaign is an example of an alternative social movement. It is focused on a simple message: no text is worth dying for. This is a nationwide movement that has tremendous support. For example, AT&T, its employees, National Organizations for Youth Safety (NOYS), Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD), Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), and government agencies, such as the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA), are all calling on all drivers to go to www.itcanwait.com to take the no-texting-and-driving pledge and then share their promise with others via Twitter (#itcanwait) and Facebook. The pledge effort is part of the company's public awareness campaign aimed directly at stopping the dangerous practice of texting while driving. Redemptive Social Movement A redemptive social movement is one that seeks total personal transformation and is typically religious in nature. The spread of Christianity is a prime example of a redemptive social movement. Missionaries have spread Christianity since the days of the Roman Empire. By the time Rome fell in 476 CE, much of Europe was Christian. Missionaries from the Byzantine Empire brought Orthodox Christianity to Russia. In Asia, medieval missionaries made converts as far away as India and China. With the founding of America, Christianity began to spread beyond Europe and Asia. Among the early missionaries were Catholics who journeyed to Central and South America seeking to convert native peoples. During the period between about 1500 and 1750, Christianity became the first religion to spread around the world, and by the 1900s, Christianity had spread to every continent on the globe. Today, the Christian missionary work continues. Reformative Social Movement Reformative social movement is a social movement that seeks to change only some specific aspects of how society functions. CAPTION: The movement for marriage equality is a reformative social movement. Reformative Social Movement The movement to obtain marriage rights and benefits for same-sex couples is an example of a reformative social movement. This movement began in the 1970s but became more prominent in American politics in 1993 when the Hawaiian Supreme Court declared the state's prohibition to be unconstitutional in Baehr v. Lewin. During the 21st century, public support for legalizing same-sex marriage has grown considerably, and various national polls conducted since 2011 show that a majority of Americans support same-sex marriage. (BUTTON) × Unlock Content Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects Get access risk-free for 30 days, just create an account. Try it now No obligation, cancel anytime. Want to learn more? Select a subject to preview related courses: * Math * History * English * ACT/SAT * Science * Business * Psychology * AP More recently, on May 9, 2012, President Obama publicly declared support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. In addition, as of January 2013, nine states - Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont, and Washington - and three Native American tribes have legalized same-sex marriage, representing 15.7% of the U.S. population. Revolutionary Social Movement Revolutionary social movements seek to replace the existing social order through radical change. The social and political upheaval that occurred in France between 1789 and 1799 is an example of a revolutionary social movement. Amidst a financial crisis, the common people of France were increasingly angered by the incompetency of King Louis XVI. This resentment, coupled with growing Enlightenment ideas, fueled the revolutionary social movement, and the French Revolution began. CAPTION: The incompetency of Louis XVI helped fuel a revolutionary social movement in France. Revolutionary Social Movement During this time period, the monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years. French society underwent a transformation, as feudal, aristocratic, and religious privileges evaporated under the sustained assault from political groups, masses in the streets, and peasants in the countryside. Old ideas and traditions and hierarchy of monarchy, aristocracy, and religious authority were abruptly overthrown by new Enlightenment principles of equality, citizenship, and inalienable rights. Lesson Summary The four types of social movements discussed in this lesson were alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary. Alternative social movements are at the individual level and advocate for minor change. Redemptive social movements are at the individual level and advocate for radical changes. Reformative social movements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for minor changes. Revolutionary social movements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes. Learning Outcome Following this lesson, you'll be able to define four types of social movements in terms of the group level and the level of change that each is aimed at: alternative, redemptive, reformative and revolutionary social movements. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Register to view this lesson Are you a student or a teacher? (BUTTON) I am a student (BUTTON) I am a teacher Unlock Your Education See for yourself why 30 million people use Study.com Become a Study.com member and start learning now. Become a Member Already a member? Log In Back What teachers are saying about Study.com Try it now Already registered? Log in here for access Description Summary: Visit the Sociology 101: Intro to Sociology page to learn more. Earning Credit Earning College Credit Did you know… We have over 220 college courses that prepare you to earn credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. You can test out of the first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. Anyone can earn credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. 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's' : ''}} Ch 1. Introduction to Sociology: The... * Go to Introduction to Sociology: The Basics Ch 2. Key Sociology Theorists * Go to Key Sociology Theorists Ch 3. Sociology Research Methods * Go to Sociology Research Methods Ch 4. Foundations of Society * Go to Foundations of Society Ch 5. Theories of Individual Social... * Go to Theories of Individual Social Development Ch 6. Social Groups & Organizations * Go to Social Groups & Organizations Ch 7. Diversity in Society * Go to Diversity in Society Ch 8. Sex and Gender in Society * Go to Sex and Gender in Society Ch 9. Race and Ethnicity in Society * Go to Race and Ethnicity in Society Ch 10. Aging in Society * Go to Aging in Society Ch 11. Economics and Politics * Go to Economics and Politics Ch 12. Social Institutions * Go to Social Institutions Ch 13. Social Change Over Time * Migration from Rural to Urban Settings in Europe and the U.S.: History and Effects 9:05 * Historical Growth of Cities: Gemeinschaft, Gesellschaft, Gentrification & the Concentric Zone Model 7:58 * Population Growth: Demographic Transition and Malthusian Theories 9:48 * Population Change from Aging, Death, and Migration 6:52 * Demographic Changes from Fertility and Birthrates 7:07 * Environmental Impact: Society's Relationship and Issues 5:25 * Crowd Behavior: Contagion, Convergence & Emergent Norm Theory 6:20 * Mass Hysteria & Moral Panic: Definitions, Causes & Examples 6:09 * Collective Behavior: Crowd Types, Mobs & Riots 6:10 * Types of Mass Behavior: Definitions & Examples 6:40 * Social Movement: Theories and Motives 7:29 * Social Movement Stages: Emergence, Coalescence, Bureaucratization & Decline 7:42 * Social Movement Definitions: Alternative, Redemptive, Reformative & Revolutionary 6:16 * Go to Social Change Over Time Ch 14. 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