#alternate Edit this page Wikipedia (en) Umbrella Movement From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search political movement involved with the Hong Kong protests of 2014 This article is about the political movement in Hong Kong. For related protests in Hong Kong also known as the Umbrella Revolution, see 2014 Hong Kong protests. -- to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2019) CAPTION: Umbrella Movement Umbrella Revolution icon 3.svg -- Date 28 September – 15 December 2014 (79 days) Location Admiralty, Mong Kok, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Also known as Occupy Central Movement Cause China's decision to rule out full universal suffrage in Hong Kong Organised by Civil Disobedience Movement Participants * Scholarism -- * Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood * Labour Party * League of Social Democrats * People Power * Power for Democracy * Civic Passion Umbrella Movement Occupy Central, Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong 29 September 2014 (Easterly).jpg -- Jyutping Jyu5saan3 Wan6dung6 The Umbrella Movement (Chinese: 雨傘運動)^[2] was a political movement that emerged during the Hong Kong democracy protests of 2014.^[3] Its name arose from the use of umbrellas as a tool for passive resistance to the -- for the 2017 election of Hong Kong's chief executive.^[4]^[5] The movement consisted of individuals numbering in the tens of thousands who participated in the protests that began on 26 September 2014, although Scholarism, the Hong Kong Federation of Students, Occupy Central with Love and Peace (OCLP) are groups principally driving the demands for the rescission of the NPCSC decision. Since the start of the 2014 protests, movement activists have complained of harassment from political opponents "alarmingly similar to the way mainland Chinese activists and their families have long been targeted"^[6] and -- * 1 Name * 2 Political movement + 2.1 Echo of the occupation in campus + 2.2 Echo of the occupation in Hong Kong areas -- * 4 De facto membership * 5 Philosophical principles * 6 Factional philosophical and tactical differences * 7 Demographics * 8 Organization -- day.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] The name^[clarification needed]^[inconsistent] was later rejected by some prominent members and supporters of the Occupy Central campaign, fearing that the movement would be mistaken as espousing violent overthrow of government. They emphasised that the movement was not a colour revolution but rather a demand for free and fair elections, and proposed the name 'Umbrella Movement' as an alternative.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] Since there was no explicit leadership or formal organisation for the movement, both names have been used by participants from time to time. Those promoting more than merely peaceful protest, such as members of Civic Passion, prefer not to use the name "Umbrella Movement".^[citation needed] Political movement[edit] Main article: Reactions to the 2014 Hong Kong protests Echo of the occupation in campus[edit] -- Almost all students in universities of Hong Kong were in echo of 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign, and fully supported the "Umbrella Movement". Many secondary schools established political reform concern groups, for supporting student protests and "Umbrella Movement". In addition, after the Lion Rock was suspended a giant banner "I want real universal suffrage", in Hong Kong universities such as University of -- September and 2 October, various areas in Hong Kong were in echo of the occupation, including nearby the MTR Sheung Shui Station (30 September) (where HK URBEX produced a short film to support the movement), Sham Shui Po, Kwai Shing East, Tai Wai, Tuen Mun, Chai Wan, Kwun Tong and other places.^[18]^[19] -- Events[edit] Some of the major historical events in "Umbrella Movement" are closely related to the occupied territories, including but not limited to the following events:^[citation needed] * 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign (22–26 September) * Action of regaining the "Civic Plaza" (26–27 September) * "Occupy Central" official launch (28 September – 3 December) * "September 28" action of tear gas dispersion (28–29 September) * Disperse and clearance operation in Mong Kok (25–27 November) * "Aligned with the regime, vows fight democracy" operation of -- See also: Direct democracy and Consensus decision-making The movement is composed of many fractious groups, but has no leadership or formal organisation overall, although Scholarism, the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS), Occupy Central with Love and -- and may even oppose each other.^[28] Although the term "Occupy Central" was often used interchangeably in the press to describe the protests and the movement, OCLP declared themselves as supporters rather than the organisers of the protest, stated that the ongoing protest "[was] the Umbrella Movement, not 'Occupy Central'".^[29] Colours and members of the following groups have been regularly seen on site during the occupation:^[citation needed] -- * Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood * Labour Party * League of Social Democrats * People Power * Civic Passion -- vandalism.^[36] The civil disobedience actions opened up debate within and outside Hong Kong as to its effect on the rule of law.^[37]^[38]^[39] Factional philosophical and tactical differences[edit] Important philosophical and tactical differences between the students -- staged a sit-in on 26 September. OCLP's hand was effectively forced by the turn of events, and their proclamation of the start of the civil disobedience campaign met with widespread criticism that the action was not "Occupy Central".^[42] OCLP's goal from the outset was passive resistance campaign of a defined duration, after which they would -- heeded.^[47]^[48] As another example of tactical divisions, not-so-passive occupiers re-seized the Mong Kok encampment after it was initially cleared by police.^[42] The divisions within the movement appear to have been most marked at the Mong Kok occupation site, where a left–right split followed the central divide on Nathan Road. Student groups and liberal NGOs mostly occupy the western carriageway, while groups with a more radical agenda urging more direct and confrontational protest actions sited themselves on the eastern side of the road.^[49] Civic Passion, which denigrates moderates and has even denounced student leaders as "useless", saw its influence in the movement increase as time went by as ordinary suffragists drifted back to their daily lives.^[49] -- team organising legal assistance declined to help those arrested in the attempted break-in because the violence was not compatible with the principles of the movement.^[30]^[55]^[56] Tactical divergences have caused disagreement between some more "front line" activists and organizational core (大台/大會) when the latter came under criticism for -- ignored by the government, and 51 percent were angry at the police handling of the protests overall. 15 percent of respondents had never participated in any protests or social movements prior to the September protests.^[60] Notwithstanding, the movement is considered very much a student movement, a defining moment where an entire generation of youths have experienced political awakening similar to the Californian Summer of Love in 1967. Hong Kong youth are seen to have broken out of a cramped -- held together with a sense of danger.^[61] Journals and documentaries have commented on the sexual politics, and remarked at the changing sexual stereotypes the movement has brought to the city, noting that females appear to be emerging from the undercurrent that women are expected to adhere to their domestic roles, and taking more leadership -- was put in place to secure the sites, although this was not universally welcomed. The head of the team is a professional life-guard and unionist.^[77] However, the fragmented leadership of the movement means that is complicated by some groups, which challenge the leadership of OCLP, also refuse to submit to the marshals' authority, for example, -- responsible.^[82] Protesters used peer to peer messaging, such as WhatsApp and FireChat due to fears of the police disrupting mobile services.^[83]^[84]^[85] Mesh networks such as FireChat and Serval Mesh have the potential to circumvent government oversight even if the Internet is being shut down.^[86] Since FireChat messages are not -- * The Umbrella Installation on the Tim Mei Avenue Main article: Art of the Umbrella Movement Art works and installations have appeared at protest sites, attracting interest from the world's media. These include the walls of the circular staircase leading up to the pedestrian skybridge near the -- pro-democracy posters and banners, and became one of the anthems of the occupation.^[88]^[89] In addition to the use of traditional protests songs, banners, logos for the movement, installations and sculptures of all sizes have been created, including 'Umbrella Man', an iconic 3-metre statue created out of wood blocks, with an arm outstretched -- The rule of law is a pillar of Hong Kong society and a core value of Hong Kong. In an ongoing discussion since the beginning of the movement, there have been polarised definitions of "rule of law" as applied to the civil disobedience movement.^[112] The local government and Chinese state officials and media have repeatedly emphasised the aspect pertaining to obedience and respect of laws and pronounced on the illegality of the movement's occupation and protests, while pan democrats see the concept as being about the law as check and balance against absolute power of government.^[113] Even in a policy speech one month after the end of the occupation, the Chief Executive once again stated that the Umbrella movement has jeopardised the rule of law and risked plunging the territory into a state of anarchy.^[114]^[115]^[116] The tendency of the government preface with -- public statements, to emphasise the 'obey the law' aspect of the Rule of Law" in a way that mirrors practice on the mainland.^[114]^[117] Secretary of Justice Rimsky Yuen blamed the movement for "large-scale as well as sporadic unlawful activities that [bring] about blatant challenges to the rule of law".^[118] However, the Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma said people involved in the Occupation Movement have "demonstrated the respect that most people have for the rule of law and emphasised once again the pivotal position it occupies in our -- Subsequent violence and intimidation[edit] Before, during, and after the occupation, activists of the movement have been intimidated with threats, been victims of hacking, been put under surveillance and subjected to invasions of privacy and other -- suffered head injuries. Journalists were also attacked.^[127]^[130] Police were criticised for reacting too lightly and too late when protesters were under attack.^[131] The Foreign Correspondents' Club accused the police of appearing to arrest alleged attackers but releasing them shortly after.^[132] Albert Ho of Democratic Party said -- crew out of Hong Kong airport was also prevented from entering Shanghai, and no reason was given. Media speculated from her Facebook account that the reason may have been her support for the movement and her attendance at the occupation site.^[147] Media sources suggest that some 500 movement activists' names are on the PRC blacklist for inbound travel.^[147] Scholarism member Tiffany Chin (錢詩文) was detained by public security bureau officers as she landed in Kunming on a family -- government officials raised broad concerns. There is no official explanation as to why proper procedures were not followed or as to why, in accordance with regulations, social workers were never consulted before applying for the order.^[157] The controversy gained international attention, and The Guardian produced a short documentary film about her story, titled "The Infamous Chalk Girl" which was released in 2017.^[158]^[159] Use of the device against minors involved in the Umbrella Movement was seen as "white terror" to deter young people from protesting.^[149] -- "Umbrella soldiers"[edit] The movement spawned new groupings such as Hong Kong Indigenous and Youngspiration seeking political change. The first wave of novitiates, about 50 in number, many of whom were born in the new millennium^[inconsistent] having political aspirations and disillusioned with the political establishment and affected by the Umbrella Movement, contested the 2015 district council elections. Pitted against seasoned politicians, and electioneering support often only from friends and family, they were popularly known as "Umbrella -- impair their political careers, as they faced barring from running for public office for five years.^[163]^[164] Just days earlier, 13 fellow Umbrella Movement activists had been convicted of unlawful assembly in relation to the events in 2014, receiving sentences of 8 to 13 months' imprisonment.^[165] On the Sunday following their sentencing, 20 -- the Chief Executive Carrie Lam and Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen. A prominent slogan read, "Without democracy, how can we have the rule of law?" The organizers, Demosisto, the League of Social Democrats and the Civil Human Rights Front, estimated 40,000 people participated.^[167]^[168] -- (CECC) Chair US Senator Marco Rubio and co-chair US Representative Chris Smith announced their controversial intention to nominate Joshua Wong, Nathan Law, Alex Chow and the entire Umbrella Movement for the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize, for "their peaceful efforts to bring political reform and protect the autonomy and freedoms guaranteed Hong Kong in -- Chinese). New Tang Dynasty Television. Retrieved 29 November 2014. 3. ^ Phillips, Keri (28 October 2014). "Tracing the history of Hong Kong's umbrella movement". ABC Radio National. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 November 2014. 4. ^ "Beijing rejects full Hong Kong democracy". Deutsche Welle. 31 -- November 2014. 28. ^ ^a ^b Gwynn Guilford. "Hong Kong is attacking the protest movement's biggest weakness—its fragmented leadership". Quartz. 29. ^ "戴耀廷：現是雨傘運動非佔中". Ming Pao. 31 October 2014. 30. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tania Branigan. "Hong Kong police clash with -- polite in push for democracy". CTV News. Retrieved 3 October 2014. 37. ^ Richard C. Bush III (3 December 2014). "Hong Kong: Examining the Impact of the "Umbrella Movement"". The Brookings Institution. 38. ^ "非常任法官賀輔明：抗爭活動無損法治". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 39. ^ Douglas Wong (4 December 2014). "Hong Kong Protests Haven't Hurt Rule of Law, Judge Says". Bloomberg. 40. ^ ^a ^b "The fighters, the hunger strikers, and the surrendered—new faces of Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement". Quartz. 41. ^ "Here's what's next for Hong Kong's embattled democracy movement". GlobalPost. 42. ^ ^a ^b ^c "佔中和雙學的分別". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 43. ^ "The battle for Hong Kong's future, captured in one powerful image". The Washington Post. 2 December 2014. 44. ^ "Hong Kong activists mark one month of 'Umbrella Movement'". Yahoo News. 28 October 2014. 45. ^ "【佔中啟動】學聯指警方開槍籲全面撤離". Apple Daily. 28 September 2014. Retrieved -- 48. ^ "Hong Kong's battle lines harden after mob attacks protesters". The Washington Post. 3 October 2014. 49. ^ ^a ^b Lily Kuo. "Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement is starting to splinter". Quartz. 50. ^ "Hong Kong protests: Fears of 'hawks' taking over opposing -- 61. ^ Sheehan, Matt (3 December 2014). "Hong Kong's Summer of Love and the Umbrella Generation". The Huffington Post. 62. ^ Lily Kuo. "The Umbrella Movement marks a coming of age for Hong Kong's "princess" generation". Quartz. 63. ^ "傘不走的女聲 Do you hear the women sing" (YouTube video). -- 69. ^ [6]巴士的報 2014年10月28日 70. ^ ^a ^b ^c Elizabeth Barber / Hong Kong. "Hong Kong Protests: Anarchism in Action". Time. Retrieved 8 November 2014. 71. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Hong Kong protests: Instant architecture and the Occupy Central 'village'". 23 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October -- protest symbol". BBC News. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014. ^ Titterton, Sarah (27 October 2014). "Saving the Umbrella Movement's art". The Nation. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 28 October 2014. -- International. ^ "CY Leung: Occupy Hong Kong Movement 'Jeopardized' Rule of Law". Chinatopix. -- ^ Chow, Vivienne (29 September 2014). "Umbrella Revolution: more designs on Hong Kong’s protest movement". South China Morning Post ^ ^a ^b Buckley, Chris; Ramzy, Austin; Wong, Edward (3 October 2014). -- Kong jail". CNN. Retrieved 24 October 2017. ^ Kuo, Lily (10 April 2019). "Hong Kong 'umbrella movement': nine convicted over protests". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 April 2019. ^ "Leaders of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement found guilty". CNN. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019. ^ Cheng, Kris (15 August 2019). "Jailed Hong Kong Umbrella Movement leader Benny Tai released on bail pending appeal". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 28 July 2020. -- Library resources about Umbrella Movement __________________________________________________________________ -- * "Hong Kong protests: Hong Kong's 'Umbrella Revolution' protesters refuse to back down". NBC News * "Will Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement move China". Reason.com * "Beijing just sent a chilling message to Hong Kong's umbrella revolution". Quartz -- * e Umbrella Movement / 2014 Hong Kong protests Main topics -- * 2014 Hong Kong electoral reform * 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign * Reactions to the 2014 Hong Kong protests * Art of the Umbrella Movement * Gau wu * Lennon Wall -- 2010 * Anti-Hong Kong Express Rail Link movement * Legislative Council by-election * 2010 electoral reform -- Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umbrella_Movement&oldid=995 562179" -- * Political scandals in China * Scandals in China * Political movements in Hong Kong * Riots and civil disorder in Hong Kong * Protest marches in Hong Kong